The Nervous System: Membrane Potential 1. Record the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the following ions (mM/L): | Intracellular | Extracellular | Sodium (Na+) | 15 | 150 | Potassium (K+) | 150 | 5 | Chloride (Cl–) | 10 | 125 | 2. Excitable cells‚ like neurons‚ are more permeable to K+ than to Na+. 3. How would the following alterations affect the membrane permeability to K+? Use arrows to indicate the change in permeability. a. An increase in the number of passive
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FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – MAKING AND PURIFYING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Stage 1 – Deciding how much reagent to use Most organic reactions do not go to completion; most reach an equilibrium position with significant quantities of reactants still remaining. In addition‚ separating the desired product from the rest of the reaction mixture‚ and then purifying it‚ will result in the loss of more of the product. The amount of product obtained expressed as a percentage
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extracellular Na+ did not significantly alter the membrane potential in the resting neuron? Your answer: There are less sodium leak channels than potassium leak channels‚ and more of the potassium channels are open. 4. Discuss the relative permeability of the membrane to Na+ and K+ in a resting neuron. Your answer: Membrane permeability to sodium is very low because there are only a few sodium leak channels. The membrane is more permeable to potassium because of the higher number of potassium leak channels
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Dehydration Jessica M. Hescott Lisa Morris May 11th‚ 2011 What is Dehydration & What causes it? Water is essential to maintaining a state of good health. Considering the adult body is comprised of nearly
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commonly defined as a serum sodium concentration ≤135 meq/L [2]. An overview of the causes of hyponatremia will be presented here (table 1). Most of the individual disorders are discussed in detail separately‚ as are issues related to diagnosis and treatment [1‚3]. (See "Diagnosis of hyponatremia" and "Overview of the treatment of hyponatremia".) It should also be emphasized that‚ in selected patients‚ multiple factors may contribute to the fall in the plasma sodium concentration. Symptomatic
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but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood‚ paper‚ oil‚ clothing‚ etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Sodium carbonate Odorless white crystalline powder or lumps. Slightly alkaline (bitter) taste. pH (of freshly prepared 0.1 molar aqueous solution): 8.3 at
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major electrolytes that are in our body are as follows: sodium (Na+)‚ potassium (K+)‚ chloride (Cl-)‚ calcium (Ca2+)‚ magnesium (Mg2+)‚ bicarbonate (HCO3-)‚ phosphate (PO42-)‚ sulfate (SO42-). Sodium is an abundant metallic element which is an important mineral for all living organisms. It is also widely used industrially to make an assortment of consumer goods. In a pure form‚ sodium is a soft‚ silvery gray‚ highly reactive metal. Pure sodium is usually stored in a nonreactive substance‚ as it oxidizes
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Experiment 4: To recover cyclohexanone from the oxidation of cyclohexanol by hypochlorite Experiment 6: To recover adipic acid from the oxidation of cyclohexanone CHEMICAL REAGENTS Cyclohexanol Acetic Acid Chlorine (Bleach) Thymol Blue (indicator) Sodium Hydroxide These reagents were all used during experiment 4. APPARATUS USED Simple distillation apparatus 250mL round bottomed flask PROCEDURE: Experiment 4 8 mL of cyclohexanol was placed into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask‚ and then a thermometer
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Experiment: Reaction of distilled water and solid sodium hydroxide RESEARCH QUESTION How does the heat released during the reaction between distilled water and Group 1 elements (lithium‚ sodium and potassium) vary as one goes down the group? OBJECTIVE The objective of the experiment is to measure the heat change during the reactions with minimal heat loss to the surroundings. MATERIALS The materials to be used in this experiment are: • Lithium‚ sodium‚ and potassium metal are the three Group 1 elements
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Transparency examination‚ the presence of white particulate matter was noted. Possibilities include casts (indicative of disease - uncommon)‚ epithelial cells‚ crystal formation‚ or contamination. Further investigation is required to determine cause. Sodium levels were very slightly below normal‚ which is no cause for concern. WBCs were present in moderate amounts‚ possibly indicating a urinary tract infection. This could also be due to lack of aseptic technique during collection. The absence of nitrites
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