The cells of the adaptive immune system are special types of leukocytes‚ called lymphocytes. There are two main types of lymphocytes‚ B cells and T cells‚ which are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. T cells are involved in cell-mediated immune response‚ whereas B cells are involved in the humoral immune response. The surface of each lymphatic cell has receptors that enable them to recognize foreign substances. There are two major subtypes of T cells: the helper T cell and
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Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder that cause the abnormal formation of the hemoglobin protein in red blood cells (Nih). Hemoglobin is an essential protein that resides within the red blood cells supplying oxygen to the entire body. Hemoglobin S causes a mutation in shape of hemoglobin protein causing a group of blood disorders including sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Sickle cell anemia is a result of one abnormal hemoglobin S gene given to a child by each parent‚ children that
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Stem Paper The field of Stem prepares and provides many job opportunities for your future. One of the many jobs that stem prepares you for is to be a Dietitian or Nutritionist. Dietitians and Nutritionists are experts in food and nutrition. They promote health and manage many food related diseases such as diabetes. They advise people on what to eat in order to live a healthy lifestyle or achieve a specific health/food goal. They might also go around to schools or businesses and speak to people about
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roles of mitotic cell division‚ meiosis‚ and fertilization in the human life cycle. Mitosis allows for growth and repair from the fertilized egg to the adult. In reproductively mature individuals‚ meiosis creates gametes with half the genetic material. The male gamete then fertilizes the female gamete during sexual reproduction‚ forming a zygote with a full set of genetic material. 2. Why are both cell division and apoptosis necessary for the development of an organism? Cell division is needed
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One hundred years ago‚ the standard life span was between forty and fifty years of age. Nowadays many people live to the ripe old age of seventy-seven years or more. Obviously‚ the rapid development of science‚ as well as the improvements in our daily and working life has played a large part in producing longer life spans. There have been many developments in the medical field. New medicines and antibiotics have been produced to treat and prevent diseases. Due to the availability of the flu shot
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Introduction - sickle cell anemia The first suggestion that genes might provide the information for all proteins came from Linus Pauling’s lab at Caltech. He and his student Harvey Itano studied hemoglobin‚ the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lung to metabolically active tissues‚ like muscle‚ where it is needed. In particular‚ they focused on the hemoglobin of people with sickle-cell disease‚ also known as sickle-cell anemia‚ a genetic disorder common in Africans‚ and
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Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder that is hereditary. It affects the blood‚ and is caused when the hemoglobin in blood cells are deprived in oxygen from the proteins. These cause normal round blood cells‚ to have are rigid sickle shape. People affected by SCA have a higher risk of death‚ stroke‚ severe attacks‚ and severe rushes of pain. James Herrick discovered an anemia‚ and found bizarre sickle-shaped cells in 1910. A treatment for the disease was discovered in the 1920s by E. Vernon
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Cell Fusion Introduction: The fusion of cells is a fundamental biological event that is essential for a variety of developmental and homeostatic processes. The importance of cell-cell fusion during development and disease is displayed in a variety of biological processes including‚ but not limited to‚ fertilization‚ development of tissues‚ the immune response‚ and aspects of tissue regeneration due to stem cells (Chen and Olson‚ 2005). Fertilization‚ which is the fusion of sperm and egg‚
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induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cells differ from those currently in place for human embryonic stem (ES) cells. An IPS cell is created artificially from skin‚ fat and fibroblasts by reprogramming patient ’s own cells. Scientists believe IPS cells to be a promising source for treating diseases. An ES cell is created by destroying an embryo. Other scientists think ES cells will also be a promising source because it is composed of your own DNA‚ so the immune system won ’t reject the cell. While scientists
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courage‚ for our own sake. The article “Mich. Teen Helps Save Abduction Victim’s Life” by John Carlisle introduces us to a boy that lives us to the expectations of courage. He shows us that it is hard‚ but worth it to be courageous. In Michigan‚ a fourteen year old boy‚ James Persyn the third had to be more courageous than ever when he decided to save the life of a woman that he did not even know until she came knocking on his door asking for help. In Anne Sexton’s poem “Courage” she talks about
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