materials. However‚ some materials that we use are manmade. Synthetic textiles like terylene and nylon‚ cement‚ glass‚ plastics‚ dyes‚ soap‚ detergents‚ fertilizers‚ insecticides and pesticides are some man-made materials which are commonly used. In this lesson‚ you will learn about the ways in which various materials are used in making common household items‚ in construction of houses and other buildings. You will learn about different polymers and their uses in our daily life. In addition‚ you will
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which it is made. Binders may be natural materials‚ e.g.‚ cellulose derivatives‚ casein‚ or milk protein‚ but are more commonly synthetic resins. In either case‚ the binder materials consist of very long chainlike molecules called polymers. Cellulose derivatives are made from cellulose‚ a naturally occurring polymer; casein is also a naturally occurring polymer. Synthetic resins are polymerized‚ or built up‚ from small simple molecules called monomers. Plasticizers are added to a binder to increase
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and the supply was interrupted by the conflict between the countries. Scientists in Germany and the US developed synthetic polymers that could replace rubber. Even after the war ended the traditional sources of natural rubber could not meet the greatly increased demand‚ so synthetic rubbers dominated the market. Natural rubber [poly-cis-isoprene(C5H8)n]. the latex consists of a polymer colloid of a monomer called isoprene. The precipitation of the rubber particles from the latex produces an elastic
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1. INTRODUCTION Textile have much as important bearing on daily lives that everyone needs from earliest times‚ people have used textiles of various types for covering‚ warmth. Personal adornment and even to display personal wealth. Today textiles are still used for these purposes and everyone is an ultimate consumer. It begins in agriculture with fibre production of cotton‚ flax and other fibrous plants. These fibres are process into yarns and fabrics. The yarns are made into fabrics for industrial
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laboratory techniques. Contents include the basic chemical bonding theory; nomenclature of organic compounds; basic organic reactions; mechanisms of the basic organic reactions; organic synthesis and applications of organic chemistry in industry: polymers‚ petrochemicals‚ sugars‚ proteins and pharmaceutical chemistry. Course Objectives: To enable students to acquire a fundamental understanding of the basic scientific knowledge in modern organic chemistry and its applications to everyday life‚ and
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primary compose colloidal dispersion of polymer particles in a liquid. Latex uses rubber particles‚ which compose the bladder. The rubber particles are known to be natural rubber. Natural rubber is made from polymer isoprene‚ also known as 2-methylbuta-1‚ 3-diene with the chemical formula (C5H8)n. Butyl valves are in most soccer balls and are used for air retention. These valves are made from silicone. Silicon atoms are tetravalent‚ meaning silicones are polymers built from inorganic-organic
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commercially successful synthetic polymer. There are two common methods of making nylon for fiber applications. In one approach‚ molecules with an acid (COOH) group on each end are reacted with molecules containing amine (NH2) groups on each end. The resulting nylon is named on the basis of the number of carbon atoms separating the two acid groups and the two amines. These are formed into monomers of intermediate molecular weight‚ which are then reacted to form long polymer chains. Nylon was intended
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Section A Multiple choice (17 marks) Do NOT Write on this section of the paper. Answer ALL questions in the table provided at the start of Section B Question 1. Which of the following best describes the structure of metals? A lattice of A. alternating positive and negative ions B. positive ions surrounded by freely moving electrons C. molecules held together by covalent bonds D. atoms held together by covalent bonds Question 2. Which of the following is not a property of most metals
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produced. The dextrose is then fermented‚ transforming into lactic acid. lactobacilli lactobacilli lactobacilli lactobacilli Dextrose lactic acid + carbon dioxide C6H12O6 CH3CHOHCOOH + CO2 The lactic acid is then altered into a polymer by condensation polymerisation‚ forming long chain molecular compounds into PLA. Lactic acid has been produced on the industrial scale since the 19th century and is mainly used in the food industry‚ cosmetics‚ pharmaceuticals and animal feed. The
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Identification and Production of Materials ================================ Ethene‚ Polymers and Ethanol ================================ Catalytic Cracking Oil refineries need to balance their outputs of various products (petrol‚ diesel‚ fuel oil‚ etc.) to match the demands of the marketplace. Catalytic cracking is the process in which high molecular weight (high boiling point) fractions from crude oil are broken into lower molecular weight (lower boiling point) substances in order to increase
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