Tax Incidence Statutory Incidence of a tax Mengindikasikan siapakah yang secara legal bertanggung jawab (menanggung) pajak (misal: penjual atau pembeli?) Economic Incidence of a tax Perubahan dalam distribusi pendapatan riil pribadi yang dipengaruhi pajak Pajak progressive dapat dihitung dengan berbagai cara. Proportional‚ progressive dan regressive. Average tax rate‚ ratio dari pajak yang dibayarkan terhadap pendapatan. jika Average tax rate naik dari pendapatan‚ systemnya adalah
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1. In Tom’s case from my point of view that Tom is full time basis as a garbage collector. And He also receives a small payment each weekend throughtout winter for playing football. And He was voted by spectators as the most player and received from local newspaper a Toyota Yaris car worth $17‚000 and cash prize of $500. In this case the amount that Tom received from His full time job as a garbage collector was an ordinary income. Factors that indicated it was income were : * It was periodic
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Wage Wage is the fixed amount of compensation for service rendered covering a fixed period of time‚ usually hours‚ or fixed amount of work. It is usually a compensation given to skilled and unskilled labor. Commission is usually a wage given to skilled and unskilled labor. Commission is usually a wage given to a salesperson based on the amount of his sales. This amount is usually added to basic salary. Bonus is given to simulate employees to work more efficiently and effectively (Valencia &
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protect against tyranny (cruel or unjust powers). Before the Constitution‚ under the Articles of Confederation‚ there was no chief executive or leader‚ no court system‚ and there wasn’t even a way for the central government to force a state to pay taxes. So‚ how did the Constitution guard against tyranny? Federalism‚ separation of powers‚ checks and balances‚ and big states v. small states are all ways that protect the people of the United States and the Constitution against tyranny. Federalism
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Cigarette Taxes Cigarette taxation has appeared to be a disputable issue throughout American history. The beginnings of cigarette taxation can be traced back to the late 1700s when Alexander Hamilton‚ the secretary of the treasury‚ introduced the first federal excise tax on tobacco products. The government places taxes on cigarettes to reduce the number of smokers and to increase revenue. A cigarette tax‚ like any other tax‚ increases the amount of revenue the government can spend on social programs
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the mere realisation of a capital asset are not income but where what is done is truly the carrying on of a business‚ the proceeds will be on revenue account: California Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris (Surveyor of Taxes) (1904) 5 TC 159; Commr of Taxation v Myer Emporium Ltd (1987) 163 CLR 199; 87 ATC 4363. 3Mere gifts : This proposition is grounded in Hayes v FCT (1956): a voluntary payment from A to B prima facie is not income; but that presumption will not apply when the payment is in substance
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Advanced Taxation Lecture 1 Indirect Taxation 2012 Dr Nakha Ratnam Somasundaram Advanced Taxation 1 Indirect taxation 2012 Dr Nakha Ratnam Somasundaram - Advanced Taxation 2 Indirect taxation • Indirect taxes consists of the following taxes: – – – – Sales tax Service tax Excise duty Customs duty • These taxes are collected by the Director General of the Royal Malaysian Customs. 2012 Dr Nakha Ratnam Somasundaram - Advanced Taxation 3 ROYAL MALAYSIAN CUSTOMS: HTTP://WWW.CUSTOMS.GOV
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Why Should You Study Taxation? The tax law affects every individual and every organization. They rely on tax professionals to help them comply with the tax law‚ plan to reduce their tax burden‚ and resolve any tax controversies with taxing authorities. Auditors rely on tax professionals to help them determine a company’s income tax expense and income tax liability. Taxing authorities‚ such as the Internal Revenue Service and state departments of revenue‚ rely on tax professionals to help them
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ch13 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. In the United States‚ corporations are subject only to taxes imposed by the federal government. True False 2. The federal income tax deduction allowed for state income taxes paid decreases the cost of the state taxes. True False 3. If a corporation with a 35% marginal federal income tax rate pays $20‚000 state income tax‚ the after-tax cost of the state tax is $13‚000. True False
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wanted to create a fair and non tyrannical government that could hold a nation together. Now the question is how did the Constitution prevent tyranny‚ I will answer this question by analyzing three documents and gather information to show how the Constitution guarded against tyranny. Federalism is one of the ways the constitution protects against tyranny and it is defined as the division of power into the national level and the state level. Federalism uses the 10th amendment to give the states any
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