BIOCHEMISTRY ELEMENTS‚ COMPOUNDS‚ ATOMS‚ MOLECULES‚ IONS AND BONDS Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space Element: matter in its simplest form Compound: two or more elements combined in simple whole number ratios of atoms Atom: the smallest form of an element that still displays its particular properties Consists of a nucleus of positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons an electron cloud of negatively charged electrons An atom is a neutral particle containing
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Happiness and Moral Virtue In Aristotle’s Nicomachaen Ethics‚ the principle concern is the nature of human well-being. According to Aristotle‚ everything we do in life‚ we do for the sake of some good‚ or at least something perceived to be good (1094a1-3). When inquiring as to whether there is some good desired for its own sake‚ Aristotle envisioned a problem that either there is an infinite series of goods desired for the sake of something higher‚ in which case one’s desires can never be satisfied
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Classical Greece and Hellenistic Greece have a lot of differences. They have differences in time as the classical Greek‚ or‚ Hellenic period was the time before the death of Alexander The Great. Some of them are the studies of philosophy‚ literature‚ art‚ science‚ and religion. As a result of Alexander’s campaigns‚ the Greek world was forever changed after his death in 323 BCE. Alexander’s campaigns had brought the Greeks into contact with a number of Asian cultures‚ and Alexander had wanted
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made of the elements carbon and hydrogen. ________________________________________ Numerical Prefixes = Number of Backbone Carbon Atoms The prefix in the name of an organic molecule indicates the number of carbon atoms found in the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the molecule. You need to memorize the following prefixes: Prefix # C atoms meth- 1 eth- 2 prop- 3 but- 4 pent- 5 hex- 6 hept- 7 oct- 8 non- 9 dec- 10 ________________________________________ Alkanes
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University of Illinois - Springfield Copyright © 2014 The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Bonding • Bonding is the joining of two atoms in a stable arrangement. • Through bonding‚ atoms attain a complete outer shell of valence electrons (stable noble gas configuration). • Atoms can form either ionic or covalent bonds to attain a complete outer shell (octet rule for second row elements). • Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons from one element
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One of the easiest ways to start drawing a Lewis Structure is to make a list of each atom in the structure and next to each atom record how many valence electrons it has and how many it needs to fill its valence shell. In covalent bonding the valence electrons in the molecule come from the valence electrons in the atoms that formed the bond. a. The number of valence electrons in any main group atom is equal to its group # (I‚II‚II‚IV‚V‚VI‚VII‚ VIII or 1‚2‚3‚4‚5‚6‚7‚8) b. Compounds
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Biology Midterm Review Chapter 2- The Chemical Basis of Life 1: Atoms - The smallest functional units of matter that form all chemical substances - Cannot be further broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical or physical means - Each specific type of atom is a chemical element Three Subatomic Particles: - Protons – Positive (+1)‚ found in nucleus‚ same number as electrons - Neutrons – Neutral (0)‚ found in nucleus‚ number can vary - Electrons – Negative (-1)‚ found
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whose system he later on developed further. Democritus visualized atoms; atom is a Greek word for indivisible‚ which means as moving through space‚ then colliding to form the universe and the natural objects in it. Democritus was said to have excelled in all the branches of knowledge. “His name was associated with the first exposition of the atomic theory of matter‚ according to which all matter is composed of single‚ indivisible atoms exactly alike qualitatively.” (Greek: pg 1) His theory
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Structures 29 Use with Chapter 8‚ Section 8.3 1. Step 1 in drawing the Lewis structure for a molecule is to decide which atoms of the molecule are most likely the terminal ones. In the transparency‚ why are the hydrogen (H) atoms in hydrazine (N2H4) shown as the terminal atoms? 2. Step 2 in drawing a Lewis structure involves determining the total number of valence electrons in the atoms in the molecule. Explain why the total number of valence electrons in N2H4 is 14. 3. Step 3 in drawing a Lewis
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UNIT I Geometry: In VSEPRT‚ you will see two kinds of geometries Electron pair geometry: This geometry includes all the electron pairs (bp + lp) around the central atom. Molecular geometry: This includes only placement of atoms (bp) in the molecule. When there is no lone pair in molecules the two geometries are same. PART C VSEPR Theory (Valence Shared Electron Pair Repulsion Theory) Syllabus: Various rules under VSEPR theory to explain molecular geometry (following examples may be
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