current understanding of the atom today. Each one of them played a special role in the development process of the atom and most importantly‚ they all reflected on one another. Many influential scientists follow up on one another proving their own theories correct and in time‚ create challenges for the next scientist to question. This truly‚ is one of the main reasons we have gotten so far with the atom. These amazing discoveries mostly started
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electrons of two different atoms. This attraction results in the two atoms binding together. An ionic bond‚ also called an electron-transfer bond‚ is a type of chemical bond that is a result of the electromagnetic attraction between ions of opposite charges‚ i.e.‚ a cation (a positively charged ion) and an anion (a negatively charged ion). An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has acquired an electrical charge due to the loss or gain of electrons. In an ionic bond‚ an atom gives or receives electrons
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Chemical bonding – the force of attraction between the two atoms Valence electron – the outer most shell electrons There are three types of chemical bonding i. Ionic bond: ________________________________________ ii. Covalent bond: _____________________________________ iii. Dative Covalent bond: _______________________________ 1.1.1 LEWIS DOT SYMBOL A shorthand to represent the valence electron of an atom. The element symbol surrounded by dots that represent
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2 *Key notes to keep in mind* ü Metals have a high low ionization energy ü Non-metals have a high electron affinity · Atom: The basic unity of an element which still retains the elements properties · Atomic number: the unique number of protons in the nucleus of a particular element · Isotope: Atoms of the same element which contain a different number of neutrons · Periodic law: The chemical and physical properties of the elements repeat
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CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Concepts of UTILITY FOG 2.1 Structure 2.2 Working 2.3 Properties 3. Implementation 3.1 Self Reconfiguring Robots 3.2 Homogenous Self Reconfiguring Robots 3.3 Crystalline module concept 3.4 Design 3.5 Motion and Control 4. Applications 5. Problems 6. Conclusion References Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION: The Idea of Utility fog was originally put forward by Edison in 1890. These tiny
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particles. These may be atoms or groups of atoms‚ but this discuss will be conducted in terms of single atoms. Ionic bonding occurs between metal atoms and nonmetal atoms. Molecular compounds form as a result of covalent bonding where electrons are shared between non-metal atoms. 3. What is a chemical bond? Discuss the differences between an ionic bond and a covalent bond. Any of several forces‚ especially the ionic bond‚ covalent bond‚ and metallic bond‚ by which atoms or ions are bound in a
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made up of small particles made of atoms. The atomic theory first had 5 points which were stated by John Dalton who came up with it. The first one was that all elements were made up of small units called atoms. The second one was that all atoms of a given element are identical to each other. Third‚ all the atoms were different from all the other atoms. Fourth‚ atoms of different elements combined together in equal numbers to form compounds. Fifth and final‚ atoms cannot be broken down‚ created or
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Chemical bond From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds"
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Unit 2 Lecture Study Guide 1) What are the parts of an atom? Where are the subatomic particles found? a. The parts of an atom consist of protons‚ electrons‚ and neutrons. b. The subatomic particles are found in either the electron cloud‚ or the nucleus. The electrons are found in the electron cloud‚ which circles the atom‚ and the protons and neutrons are found in the tiny nucleus of the atom. 2) How does the Atomic Mass # differ from the Atomic #?
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smallest structural and functional unit of an organism‚ typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane Organelle-any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell Molecule-a group of atoms bonded together‚ representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. Producer- An autotrophic organism capable of producing complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules through the
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