The Second Vatican Council began in 1962 and ended in 1965. For the first year Pope John XXIII opened the council‚ he unfortunately died in 1963. Pope Paul VI then took over and closed the council in 1965. “A combined total of 2‚865 bishops and prelates attended the council‚ which issued sixteen formal documents” (John and Hardon‚ 2000). The second Vatican promulgated some of the most important documents present in the Catholic religion. They also changed the way the Laity were involved in the church
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The Catholic Church during the early 16th Century was rooted throughout Europe. The Church influenced every country and its respective monarchs through the Church’s wealth and power. The Catholic Church placed a tight hold on the general populace with individuals who went against the Church being branded as heretics and excommunicated. The wealth and power of the Church eventually caused the quality of the clergy to deteriorate. Priests became corrupt and subjected to their physical desires. They
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Reformation. Faced with the spreading support of Lutheranism by the people and princes of the Empire‚ the Church required an overhaul unheard of since the Council of Nicaea. After a long delay caused by the inaction of Pope Leo X and conflict with France and the Holy Roman Empire‚ Pope Paul III (1534-49) called for what becomes known as the
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Impacted by Luther’s writings‚ the need for reform in order to save the Catholic church’s stronghold on religion caused the Council of Trent to be formed‚ and with it ultimately led to the ideals and rules that the reformation brought. Throughout Luther’s lifetime‚ the church had been committing acts which as he thought‚ were not appropriate for a religious group to do so. Amongst these acts which Luther took arms against were simony; the selling of indulgences and other holy items‚ nepotism; the
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directly operated through the Council of Trent‚ a council of high cardinals that met from 1645 to 1663. The Council of Trent was able to defend the Catholic faith against the Protestant Reformation by reaffirming Catholic beliefs and addressing the abuses of the church. In addition‚ separate institutions and religious orders like the Index of Prohibited Works‚ the Inquisition‚ and the Jesuits were able to check the growth of Protestantism as well. The Council of Trent defended the Catholic faith
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temporal defender of the Catholic Church. Even though the church had no determinate territory it was a state. It had a monarch as a pope‚ it princes in prelates and its subjects in Western Christendom. It had legislative assemblies in ecumenical councils‚ a constitution in cannon law‚ and fiscal agency in the Curia. It went to war‚ negotiated treaties and collected taxies. The church was the Holy Roman Empire with a stronghold throughout Europe. But this
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through all of Europe. Threatened with the growing rise of Protestantism‚ and the crises it revealed‚ the Catholic Church launched the Counter-Reformation. The Council of Trent (1545 - 1563)‚ was a central feature of the Counter-Reformation. Aimed at addressing the abuses of the Church‚ and reaffirming the Catholic doctrine‚ the Council of Trent launched several reforms‚ including a number of guidelines on religious art. Understanding the power of art‚ and its ability to teach‚ the Catholic Reformation
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the ultimate objective of the Catholic Reformation was to recognize and spread Catholicism. Some aims‚ methods‚ and degree of success of the catholic reformation in the 16th century were activities of the Jesuits‚ the revival of papacy and the Council of Trent. Activities of the Jesuits Established highly disciplined schools The Jesuits took over in catholic universities and by 1600 they were the most famous educators in Europe Propagation of the catholic faith among non-Christians
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Catholicism a major religion in Europe. Although the conciliar movement was ended by Pope Pius II around the 1450s‚ the people during the Lutheran Reformation were calling for a general council of the church. Charles the V‚ emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and King of Spain‚ tried to persuade the Pope to assemble a council because he hope that the church would fix some of the abuses‚ thus stop people from converting to Lutheranism. However‚ Francis I‚ King of France‚ actively promoted the Protestants
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clergy‚ and the poor education of some of the members of the clergy. Key figures such as Martin Luther‚ Ulrich Zwingli‚ and John Calvin influenced the Protestant Reformation‚ and although it was unsuccessful‚ the Catholic Church responded with the Council of Trent. There were three key figures who influenced the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther was one of the most significant people during the Protestant Reformation. Luther believed in “justification by faith alone‚” or that faith alone will save
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