Prior to creation as a modern state in 1947‚ the area of modern Pakistan was both ruled by local kings and under various imperial power throughout different time periods. The ancient history of the region comprising present-day Pakistan also includes some of the oldest empires from the subcontinent[1] and some of its major civilizations.[2][3][4][5] By the 18th century the land was incorporated into British India. The political history of the nation began with the birth of the All India Muslim League in
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Spartans‚ in 404 BCE. The age saw numerous advances in art‚ philosophy‚ drama‚ literature‚ and government. Also known as the “Age of Pericles‚” after the Athenian statesman responsible for the direction of the city at the height of its achievements (Canadian Museum of History‚ n.d.). Scholars seem to have different theories and opinions as to what caused the decline of the Golden Age. Was it the war with Sparta? A war that devastated both sides of the conflict. The Plague‚ of 431 BCE‚ that not only
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STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT NEW PALTZ INTRODUCTION TO THE VISUAL ARTS (ARH 200)‚ Professor Dewsnap Study Sheet 1 Introduction‚ Prehistoric Art‚ Ancient Near Eastern Art‚ Egyptian Art Note on Vocabulary For the terms which are not defined in the glossary of your textbook‚ please consult online dictionaries available through library website databases‚ The Oxford Art Online and The Grove Dictionary of Art. A good dictionary available in paperback is: Edward Lucie-Smith‚ The Thames and Hudson
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article surveys the seminal works and ideas of key figures in the Ancient Greek philosophical tradition from the Presocratics to the Neoplatonists. It highlights their main philosophical concerns and the evolution in their thought from the sixth century BCE to the sixth century CE. The Ancient Greek philosophical tradition broke away from a mythological approach to explaining the world‚ and it initiated an approach based on reason and evidence. Initially concerned with explaining the entire cosmos‚
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changes that occurs during the Middle East between 8000-500 BCE is the agriculture begins to emerge and alter the way of life in that time. However even though that there are major changes socially‚ like the classes‚ and politically‚ like priest becoming leaders‚ is the demographic way of life. The demographic changes occur between 8000-500 BCE‚ and the beginning of the distinct culture starts to emerge in the Middle East. In 8000 BCE the Middle East was starting to have nomads settle. The migration
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centered at Hattusa on the central Anatolian plateau in the 18th century BCE. The Hittite Empire reached its height around 1285 BCE‚ encompassing a large part of Anatolia‚ north-western Syria about as far south as the mouth of the Litani River‚ and eastward into upper Mesopotamia. After c. 1180 BCE‚ the empire disintegrated into several independent "Neo-Hittite" city-states‚ some surviving until as late as the 8th century BCE. The term "Hittites" was taken from the King James translation of the
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the northernmost peak of the Nile River‚ the Indus River Valley Civilization started along the south-western part of the Indus River. These civilizations Originated around 3000 BCE due to the Neolithic Revolution. These civilizations became important largely because of their agriculture developments. From 3100 BCE to 1900 BCE‚ the Indus River Valley Civilization and the Nile River Valley Civilization had similar agriculture‚ geographical benefits and social hierarchy but differed in their ruling class
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Chapter 8: State‚ Society‚ and the Quest for Salvation in India Megasthene‚ Seleucid Emperor * Lived during late 4 and early 3 century bce. * Indika‚ long lost book‚ quotations of the respect on Indian land‚ people‚ and society. * Ant story * Monstrous human beings * Fertile land * 2 harvest/yr of grain * Pataliputra‚ capital * Near Ganges river with timber wall with 570 towers & 64 gates. * Large armies with war elephants *
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to record inventory. Clay tokens were used for this purpose in the Mediterranean as early as 8000 BCE and were common by 4000 BCE. Clay tablets from Sumer‚ c. 3200 BCE‚ show early pictographic writing‚ which later became wedge-shaped cuneiform . . . Univ of Chicago Oriental Institute Cuneiform‚ literally ‘wedge-shaped’ writing on baked clay tablets‚ was first used ca. 3000 BCE in Mesopotamia wedges were easier to carve than curved lines Writing was invented multiple times
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Between 334 and 323 BCE Alexander the Great created an empire that stretched from Greece to India. The empire disseminated Greek culture and its arts‚ and exposed Greek artistic styles to a host of new exotic influences. The death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE traditionally marks the beginning of the Hellenistic period. Alexander’s generals‚ known as the Diadochoi‚ "successors‚" divided the many lands of his empire into kingdoms of their own. New Hellenistic dynasties produced Hellenistic
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