Chapter 12: Neural Tissue - An Introduction to the Nervous System Learning Outcomes 12-1 Describe the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system. 12-2 Sketch and label the structure of a typical neuron‚ describe the functions of each component‚ and classify neurons on the basis of their structure and function. 12-3 Describe the locations and functions of the various types of neuroglia. 12-4 Explain how the resting potential is created and maintained. 12-5 Describe the events
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SIBULO‚ MONIQUE STACY JANE B. 2012-1-1433 17 SEPTEMBER 2013 1. The function of a neuron is to convey or process signals. Discuss how the specific parts of a neuron allow this general function to occur. Neurons has four distinct zones that has each of their specialization in the transmission of signals across the body. The first zone is for signal reception‚ it consists the dendrites and the cell body. The dendrites receive the signals and be converted into electrical signals that will be
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10-12‚ 14-16) 1. There is a greatr concentration of Na+ f ; there is a greater concentration of K+ e . When the stimulus is delivered‚ the ermeability of the membrane at that point is changed; and c ‚ initiating the depolarization of the membrane. Almost as soon as the depolarization wave has begun‚ a repolarization wave follows it across the membrane. This occurs as b . Repolarization restores the h of the resting cell membrane. The g is (are) reestablished by i . 2. 1 5 3 2 4 5. Electrical
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irreversibly blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in axonal membranes. Why is it harder to generate a second action potential during the relative refractory period? A greater stimulus is required because voltage-gated K+ channels that oppose depolarization are open during this time. Why is the action potential recorded by the second recording electrode (R2) delayed relative to the action potential recorded by the first recording electrode (R1)? The action potential had to propagate from R1 to
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Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses ACTIVITY 1 The Resting Membrane Potential 1. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+ leak channels. If the extracellular K+ increases then the concentration of intracellular K+ will decrease causing a decrease in the steepness of the concentration gradient and fewer K+ ions would be drawn out. 2. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative
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Activity 1: The Resting Membrane Potential Pre-lab Quiz Results 1. What is the approximate concentration of K+ inside a typical cell (intracellular concentration)? a. 150 mM 2. What is the approximate concentration of K+ outside a cell (extracellular concentration)? b. 5 mM 3. What is the approximate concentration of Na+ inside a cell (intracellular concentration)? b. 5 mM 4. What is the approximate concentration of Na+ outside a cell (extracellular concentration)? a. 150 mM Experiment
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Chapter 11 – Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue I. The 3 Overlapping Functions: a. Sensory Input: b. Integration: c. Motor Output: II. Levels of Organization in the Nervous System: a. Central Nervous System (CNS): b. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): i. Sensory (afferent) Division: ii. Motor (efferent) Division: 1. Somatic Nervous System: 2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): a. Sympathetic Division: b. Parasympathetic
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12: Nervous Tissue Animations Introduction to Membrane Potentials 1. Describe the neuron function. Neurons act to facilitate the transfer of data amongst the body’s cells sustaining homeostasis 2. Contrast graded potentials and action potentials. Graded potentials are electrical signals that have variable amplitude‚ are localized‚ and travel short distances along the membrane. In contrast‚ an action potential has a fixed amplitude‚ and can travel greater distances along the membrane
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reflex arc except… a. interneuron d. brain b. afferent neuron e. effector c. receptor 2. All of the following are features of graded potentials except… a. decremental d. occur at dendrites b. sub-‐threshold e. can be inhibitory c. non-‐decremental Identify the following
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role of acetylcholine in a skeletal muscle contraction? ACH is released at the end-plate potential. ACH diffuses into the sarcolemma‚ attaches to the receptors in the motor end plate and causes a change in the ions permeability that creates graded depolarization of the end-plate potential. Basically‚ it attaches to the receptors in the motor-end plate and creates the beginning process of triggering muscle contractions. 3. Describe .the process of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibers
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