Introduction: Proteins are necklaces of amino acids – long chains molecules. Proteins are the basis of how biology get this done. As enzymes‚ they are the driving force behind all the biochemical reactions which make biology work. As structural elements‚ they are main constituents of our bones‚ muscles‚ hair‚ skin‚ and blood vessels. As antibodies‚ they recognize invading elements and allow the immune system to get rid of the unwanted invaders. For these reasons‚ scientists have sequenced the
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PROTEIN TRANSLATION 1. Initiation Translation To begin translation: large and small ribosomal subunit‚ along with the initiating tRNA‚ assembles onto the mRNA 2. Translation Elongation The next amino acyl-tRNA enters the ribosome at the A site The amino acid at the P site is transferred to the tRNA at the A site. The ribosome moves one codon farther along the mRNA‚ releasing the empty tRNA through the E (exit) site. The A site is free for the next incoming RNA. The cycle is repeated as the
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Conductivity of electrolyte solutions (Dated: October 29‚ 2009) I. INTRODUCTION Pure water does not conduct electricity‚ but any solvated ionic species would contribute to conduction of electricity. An ionically conducting solution is called an electrolyte solution and the compound‚ which produces the ions as it dissolves‚ is called an electrolyte. A strong electrolyte is a compound that will completely dissociate into ions in water. Correspondingly‚ a weak electrolyte dissolves only partially
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Protein function • Chapter 5.1 • Myoglobin: structure‚ O2-binding • Hemoglobin: structure‚ cooperativity in O2binding‚ Hill constant‚ allosteric interactions‚ Bohr Effect‚ BPG-binding and effect • Abnormal Hemoglobins Functions of Proteins Fibrous proteins: collagen‚ keratin‚ silk - give tensile strength‚ shelter‚ protection Globular proteins: • Storage of ions and molecules – myoglobin‚ ferritin • Transport of ions and molecules – hemoglobin‚ serotonin transporter • Defense against pathogens –
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The Effect of pH on the Rate of Osmosis Using a Glucose Solution Melissa Werderitch Biology 157 11/6/06 Introduction In a journal article written by Florian Lang‚ osmosis is essentially explained as the flow of water from one area to another that are separated by a selectively permeable membrane to equalize concentrations of particles in the two locations (Lang‚ 1997). Osmosis is able to maintain osmotic pressure and regulate a cell’s volume. In a hypotonic () or hypertonic () environment
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The pH Scale is a scale made to show how acidic or alkaline a substance is. The pH of something is measured with pH paper which can vary from wide range paper‚ which covers all ph’s‚ but is not as accurate at some others. There are pH papers that get very specific that can have a range such as 2 or 3 and get much more precise. The neutral on the scale is 7. Anything that is below 7 is considered acidic and anything above 7 is considered alkaline. Acidic substances contain more H+ than OH-. H+
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was to learn how to measure the pH (or acidity) of commonly known fluids‚ using the correct tools and procedures. To then use that data to document the changes noticed when mixing those same fluids and changing their respective pH levels. Materials: In order to conduct this experiment several pieces of equipment and other materials were needed. The first item was a graduated cylinder‚ which was used in order to measure out the precise amount of fluids needed in the experiment. A 100mL
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Hypothesis If we test the amount of electrolytes in an energy drink and orange juice‚ then orange juice will have more electrolytes than an energy drink. Variables Independent Variable- the two different drinks‚ orange juice and an energy drink Dependent Variable- the amount of electrolytes in each to determine whether or not one has more than another Controlled Variable- same multimeter‚ same brand and type of alligator clips leads‚ same gauge‚ length‚ and brand of copper wiring‚ same brand
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Intravenous Fluid Selection LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter‚ you should be able to: Describe and differentiate colloid and crystalloid IV fluids Understand osmosis as it pertains to water movement with IV therapy Define tonicity and the actions of isotonic‚ hypotonic‚ and hypertonic crystalloids in the body Identify the three most common IV solutions used in the prehospital setting‚ and classify them as isotonic‚ hypotonic‚ or hypertonic Describe how an IV fluid is packaged and
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The St Venant Equations Dr P A Sleigh Dr I M Goodwill School of Civil Engineering‚ University of Leeds March 2000 1 THE DERIVATION OF THE CONTINUITY EQUATION ...........................................................................................1 2 THE DERIVATION OF THE DYNAMIC OR MOMENTUM EQUATION. ...............................................................2 3 THE SOLUTION OF THE ST VENANT EQUATIONS ...................................................................
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