Per capita income as a measure of prosperity Per capita income is often used as average income‚ a measure of the wealth of the population of a nation‚ particularly in comparison to other nations. Per capita income is often used to measure a country’s standard of living. It is usually expressed in terms of a commonly used international currency such as the Euro or United States dollar‚ and is useful because it is widely known‚ easily calculated from readily-available GDP and population estimates
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fundamental differences in the amount of income and expenses reported for GAAP and income tax purposes. The objective for GAAP reporting is to report the economic activities of the entity. The objective for income tax purposes is for the government to raise revenue. There are two terms that identify the types of income subject to tax under each reporting system. Firstly‚ pretax financial income is determined using GAAP. It is the amount of income on which income tax is computed for financial statement
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Chapter 1 introduction & tax residence •Direct taxes – taxes paid directly to government (income tax ‚ RPGT) •Indirect taxes – taxes paid to government via 3rd party( sale‚service) •Income tax –scope of charge( S3 of ITA) has been modified by ‘’tax exempted’’ Income tax shall be charged for each y/a upon income of any person accruing in or derived from MY or received in MY from outside MY Income known as revalue gain( capital gain never go for inc tax Person=individual ‚ Co(chargeable
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Tax & Taxation The term ’tax’ has been derived from the French word taxe and etymologically‚ the Latin word taxare is related to the term ’tax’‚ which means ’to charge’. Tax is an obligatory payment in the part of the citizen without the expectation of any direct benefit. Taxation is the obligation of non-penal‚ yet compulsory transfer of resources from the private to the public sector levied on a basis of predetermined criteria and without reference to specific benefit received. It is one of the
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structured. True False Tax policy rarely plays an important part in presidential campaigns. True False Margaret recently received a parking ticket. This is a common example of a local tax. True False George recently paid $50 to renew his driver’s license. The $50 payment is considered a tax. True False A 1% charge imposed by a local government on football tickets sold is not considered a tax if all proceeds are earmarked to fund local schools. True False One key characteristic of a tax is that it is a required
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International Tax and Public Finance‚ 7‚ 177–194‚ 2000. c 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in The Netherlands. Decomposing Revenue Effects of Tax Evasion and Tax Structure Changes ARINDAM DAS-GUPTA* oldmonk87@yahoo.com Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics‚ B MCC Road‚ Pune 411004‚ Maharashtra‚ India IRA N. GANG gang@economics.rutgers.edu Department of Economics‚ Rutgers University‚ New Brunswick‚ NJ 08901-1248 USA Abstract This paper proposes a method for evaluating the impact
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Low income community is the target market for extreme value retailers like Dollar General and Family Dollar. But they also serve the rural and urban shoppers that belong to low-to-middle-income families‚ ethic groups and older customers with fixed incomes. The low income families experience significant higher levels of material hardships than families one rung father up the economic ladder – families with incomes two to three times the poverty level. They tend to skip meals or not being
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some consumers. Proportion of income required by the item: products requiring a larger portion of the consumer’s income tend to have greater elasticity. • Time period considered: elasticity tends to be greater over the long run because consumers have more time to adjust their behavoir to price changes. Income elasticity of demand measure the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded of good X to a given change in level of income‚ ceteris paribus. Income elasticity of demand is calculated
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Today‚ earnings management methods‚ such as income smoothing‚ are becoming more and more ubiquitous ways of improving earnings quality and attractiveness to investors. Because investors pay such close attention to income levels and firm stability‚ such methods are coming under heavy scrutiny‚ and are receiving more attention in the way of research and studies. The scrutiny is an attempt to explain the effects‚ and whether or not‚ in the long-run‚ these methods of earnings management are‚ in fact
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data provided by Emmanuel Saez to show that there is a linear relationship between income share and the percentage of children attending college. Thus as income share increases the percentage of children receiving education increases. Children who are from poor families do not have the same advantages as rich families. However‚ Bruce Sacerdote has conflicting data. Sacerdote writes that 33% of variance of family income is due to genetics‚ 11% is due to family environment‚ and 56% are environmental factors
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