absorbs light. The energy absorbed is used for photolysis (splitting of water molecules). • Photolysis of water (Photodissociation) o The light energy absorbed split H2O molecules into H+ ions and O2 ▪ 2H2O(4H+ +4e- + O2 ▪ O2 is released as a gas to the atmosphere (as a by-product) ▪ H+ ions is accepted by NADP to form NADPH2 • NADPH2 acts as a reducing agent by donating H+ ions in Calvin Cycle.
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Hess’ Law To find out the enthalpy change of Mg+ ½O2=MgO‚ we used a calorimeter‚ thermometer‚ 0.2 g of Mg‚ 0.2 g of MgO‚ and 2.0 M of HCl. We used a thermometer to measure the initial and final temperatures in Celcius. We recorded the initial temperature of the HCl. After we put the Mg or MgO into the calorimeter‚ we put in the HCl and covered it using a lid‚ mixed it around with the thermometer‚ and recorded the final temperature. We also used this method to find the enthalpies of the equations
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1(a) using appropriate models‚ analyse Ryanair’s business environment. Porter’s 5 forces: Threat of new entrants –in the airline industry is relatively high. Ryanair being Europe’s largest low-cost carrier‚ the largest airline in Europe in terms of passenger numbers and the largest in the world in terms of international passenger numbers; would deter anyone in entering in to a competitive industry Bargaining power of buyers –is high as price sensitivity remains high. Buyers can either travel on legacy
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CHAPTER 5 GASES AND THE KINETICMOLECULAR THEORY 5.1 Plan: Review the behavior of the gas phase vs. the liquid phase. Solution: a) The volume of the liquid remains constant‚ but the volume of the gas increases to the volume of the larger container. b) The volume of the container holding the gas sample increases when heated‚ but the volume of the container holding the liquid sample remains essentially constant when heated. c) The volume of the liquid remains essentially constant‚ but the volume of
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the presence of ultraviolet radiation‚ such as found in the upper atmosphere‚ forming single chlorine atoms: CFCl3 CFCl2 + Cl The Cl atoms then react with Ozone (O3) as outlined in the following mechanism. Step 1: Step 2: Cl + O3 ClO + O2 ClO + O Cl + O2 (single "O" atoms occur naturally in the atmosphere.) a) Write the equation for the overall reaction. (Using steps 1 and 2) _________________________________________________________ b) What is the catalyst in this reaction? c) Identify
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Cm Gilmore made an unannounced visit to Doctor’s Hosptial to ensure safety and well-being of Baylin Phillps who is the VC listed in the report. The visit included: Tiffany Phillips-Bmo‚ Steven Newman-BFa who resides in Dublin Ga‚ and Baylin Phillips-VC. CM Gilmore explained the reason for the visit. The following information was reported during the interview: • Bailey reported that he took extra pills to help him fall asleep. It was intently. • Bfa reported that when he arrived at the home to
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Chapter 2: Patterns in Nature 1. Cell theory • 1590: Dutch grind glass lens (1st compound microscope) • 1665: Robert Hooke uses compound m. analysis thin cork slices as filled with air enclosed in boxes (cells) distinct • 1676: Dutch sees microorganism under microscope from pond water • 1824: French suggest all organisms composed of cells • 1827: Robert Brown (Brownian motion) discovered nucleus in plant cell • 1838: German produced evidence that all organisms made of cells • 1859:
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molecules occur in the MITOCHONDRIA in eukaryotic cells 6. The electron transport chain generates the largest amount of ATP 7. The end products of glycolysis are: pyruvate‚ ATP‚ and NADH 8. NAD+‚ ATP‚ and ADP are required for glycolysis to occur‚ O2 is NOT 9. The synthesis of ATP in glycolysis occurs by substrate level phosphorylation 10. 2 ATP are invested during the first part of glycolysis for each molecule of glucose broken down 11. From one glucose molecule‚ 2 ATP and 2 NADH is produced
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Case Study: Newsflash! Transport Proteins on Strike! 1. What is the meaning behind the PHOSPHOLIPIDS’ chant? Phospholipids make up most of the cell membrane‚ in a phospholipid bilayer. Phospholipid molecules form two layers‚ with the hydrophilic (water loving) head facing the extracellular fluid and the cytosol (intracellular) fluid‚ and the hydrophobic (not water loving) tails facing one another. The cell membrane is constructed in such a way that it is semipermeable‚ and allows oxygen
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partially closing their stomata when the air is hot and dry. Stomata are the major passageways through which CO2 enters and O2 leaves a plant. When a plant’s stomata are partly closed‚ the level of CO2 in the plant falls as CO2 is consumed in the Calvin cycle. At the same time‚ the level of O2 in the plant rises as the light reactions generate O2. Both a low CO2 level and a high O2 level inhibit carbon fixation by the Calvin cycle. Alternative pathways for carbon fixation help plants deal with this problem
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