Positive Reinforcement - Beginnings of the Rat & Food Experiment In an experiment with a rat using food as a reward: The rat was placed in a box Over the course of a few days‚ food was occasionally delivered through an automatic dispenser Before long‚ the rat approached the food tray as soon as the sound of the dispenser was heard‚ clearly anticipating the arrival of more food The Rat Experiment and Negative Reinforcement Skinner again experimented with rats to show how negative reinforcement can
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such as mice or rats‚ are used for analgesic tests‚ but in some instances experiments in higher animals such as monkeys are necessary. Several methods are available for testing central analgesic activity‚ such as • HAFFNER’s tail clip method in mice‚ • tail flick or other radiant heat methods‚ • tail immersion tests‚ • hot plate methods in mice or rats‚ • electrical stimulation (grid shock‚ stimulation of tooth pulp or tail)‚ • monkey shock titration‚ • formalin test in rats. H.1.2.2 HAFFNER’s
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relationship between birth order and intelligence. Rosenzweig‚ M. R.‚ Bennett‚ E. L.‚ & Diamond‚ M. C. (1972) In “MORE EXPERIENCE = BIGGER BRAIN? “ They separated 3 rats and put them in a normal cage. They took 1 more rat and put it in a very small cage with no toys and little food and water. At last they took the last 3 male rats and added them to a cage that was very large and had a lot of food and water and many toys to play
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the Morris water maze test. The Morris water maze begins by putting a rat in a circular pool of cloudy water. Submerged in the pool‚ is a podium that will get the rat out of the water. First time rats will swim for longer periods of time and take a longer path to get to the podium. All subsequent trials for normal rats‚ the rat will go straight to the podium. However‚ if the rat has damage to the bilateral hippocampus‚ the rat cannot remember the location of the podium or fail to find it
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behaviors of rats and pigeons. He would use Skinner boxes that would isolate these specimens. An example of how he came up with the operant conditioning method is by depriving the rats of food. The rats had a lever placed in their cage that would release a pellet of food if pushed. Since the rat did not know this would happen‚ it was basically trial and error that resulted in a positive result for the rat. Eventually the rat would learn this behavior from receiving food. In this example when the rat received
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Cummins gives specific examples of experiments that have taken place regarding stress increasing obesity. An experiment that took place included rats given normal rat chow and sugar water. The stressed rats chose the sugar water over the healthier choice. The stressed rats ended up gaining more weight‚ especially near their abdomen unlike the non-stressed rats. In another study Cummins includes‚ Dr. Carol Shively feeds female monkey the American diet and compares those monkeys with higher ranked monkeys
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ground and destroying their old barns. They are rare to find nowadays because the increased use of toxic rat poisions. The organziations most closely associated are World Owl Trust‚ Barn Owl Studies of Canada‚ World Wildlife Foundation‚ and minestry of natural resources. Factors that negatively influence their status is because of human decisions. For example the rat poision is killing rats‚ and rats are the Barn Owls food contaminating their food source. The organizations could be altered to affect
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Reinforcement Natalie Tamayo CUNY Queens College Abstract This experiment is centered on the notation of Behavior Modification. In this experiment a rat is trained to exhibit a targeted behavior called Roll. The desired goal of the experiment is mold the rat into the behavior of producing rolls whenever the light is turned on. One rat took part in this experiment. There were two precursor behaviors to the desired Roll behavior. One behavior was genital grooming and the other was head tucking
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The Elephants were playing against the ants in a soccer game. It was a close match‚ but when the ants’ star player dribbled the ball towards the goal‚ an elephant defender ran towards him‚ stepped on him and killed him. “What did you do that for!!” asked the referee. “I didn’t mean to kill him‚” said the elephant. “I was only trying to trip him up.” An ant and an elephant shared a night of passion but in the morning the ant woke up to find the elephant
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There is also the form that is known as variable schedule. This means that you change the factor of "x" every time‚ making the reinforcement not as consistent. In the case of the rats‚ they can no longer "pace" themselves because both intervals have changed and they can no longer establish what the time will be between behavior and reward. Both of these schedules are resistant to extinction. According to Skinner‚ this is a method
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