CSEC CHEMISTRY NOTES ON SOLUBILITY OF COMPOUNDS IN WATER and SATURATED SOLUTION Reference: Chemistry‚ a Concise Revision Course for CXC by Anne Tindale From Chemistry for CSEC by Tania Chung-Harris and Mike Taylor Factors that influence solubility Temperature * The solubility of solids in liquids generally increases as temperature increases. * The solubility of gases in liquids generally decreases as temperature increases. (gases are less soluble in warm water than in cold water)
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1 Solutions and Solubility Chapters 4+13 2 The Solution Process • A solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute (present in the smallest amount) and solvent (present in the largest amount) State of Solution State of Solvent State of Solute Example Gas Gas Gas Air Liquid Liquid Gas O2 in water Liquid Liquid Liquid Alcohol in water Liquid Liquid Solid Salt in water Solid Solid Gas H2 in Pd Solid Solid Liquid Hg in Ag Solid Solid Solid Ag in Au 3 The Solution Process
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Chemistry 12 Unit 3 - Solubility of Ionic Substances Chemistry 12 Review Sheet on Unit 3 Solubility of Ionic Substances 1. Identify each of the following as ionic or molecular substances: a) NaCl(aq) ........................................................___________________________________ b) CH 3COOH(aq) ..........................................___________________________________ c) CCl4(l) ...................................................___________________________________ d) HNO3(aq)
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Some say that the idea of love in modern terms differs conceptually from that of earlier periods. That argument is demonstrably false. Although love has been characterized in many different ways throughout the ages‚ the fundamental idea remains constant. No matter the eccentric personalities love is entitled to‚ love is what it is. From a literary point of view‚ whether one reads the tender longing of Sappho‚ the unattainable desire of Petrarch‚ or the whimsical prose of Dickenson‚ the message
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1. Two ships P and Q are moving along straight lines with constant velocities. Initially P is at a point O and the position vector of Q relative to O is (6i + 12j) km‚ where i and j are unit vectors directed due east and due north respectively. The ship P is moving with velocity 10j km h–1 and Q is moving with velocity (−8i + 6j) km h−1. At time t hours the position vectors of P and Q relative to O are p km and q km respectively. (a) (b) (c) Find p and q in terms of t. (3) Calculate the distance
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1. In the first group of four reactions‚ Iron phosphate and calcium phosphate are the two products that are insoluble in water. In the three of the four reactions a cloudy white or yellow formed. This indicated the formation of a precipitate‚ caused by the generally insoluble phosphate anion. Potassium chloride‚ Iron nitrate‚ and potassium sulfate where the products which were soluble in water. With these products there was no evidence of a precipitate forming. 2. Based on the results from reactions
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The quote above illustrates how Foucault claimed that being aware of constant surveillance created a sense of self-governance. Even tough there was not any set laws due to the fear Big Brother installed‚ the citizens of Oceania lived very precautious‚ uncertain of when or how they would break the law. Winston was constantly blocking out any thoughts not regarding big brother. The constant surveillance consequently created a sense of always policing themselves. Winston made sure he maintained a good
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Describe the role of calcium in muscle contraction‚ where it is stored‚ and how it is released and recycled. Calcium storage‚ release‚ and recycling Muscles need to be malleable or have plasticity in order to function correctly. This is where calcium comes into the picture. All muscles use calcium molecules for regulatory and signaling purposes. Contraction control and relaxation control by calcium is achieved first by the activation of troponin-tropomyosin with the actin filaments. The second
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Ground calcium carbonate‚ commonly referred to as GCC‚ is primarily based on limestone and chalk in the UK‚ though marble stone is imported and processed at a few locations. Generally‚ the processing includes washing‚ sorting of undesirable contaminants‚ grinding‚ size classification of particles and possibly drying. http://www.crusherindustry.com/index.php/ground-carbonate-calcium-factory-for-sale-uk/ T130x ultrafine grinding mill is a fine powder and ultrafine calcium carbonates powder production
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determine energy lost by Calcium Chloride and gained by Ammonium Nitrate when dissolved in Water. Theory: Exothermic reactions are when net energy is lost in process of reaction. When solid calcium chloride (chemical formula CaCl₂) is placed in water‚ the calcium chloride dissolves and liberates heat in the process. Calcium chloride is one of the ingredients in instant "hot packs" sold in retail stores. Some concrete mixes incorporate calcium chloride to decrease drying time. Calcium chloride is also used
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