Officer‚ CBSE 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Class XI Unit 5 : States of Matter 5.7.1 Kinetic Energy and Molecular Speeds 5.7.2 Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds Unit 6 : Thermodynamics 6.6.1. Second Law of Thermodynamics 6.8. Third Law of Thermodynamics Unit 7 : Equilibrium 7.12.1 pH of Buffer Solutions Class XII Unit 16 : Chemistry in Everyday Life 16.4.2.1 Antioxidants 3 Unit 5: States of Matter 5.7.1 KINETIC ENERGY AND
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Chapter 8. Phase Change Simulations This chapter describes the phase change model available in FLUENT and the commands you use to set up a phase change problem. Information is organized into the following sections: Section 8.1 : Section 8.2 : Section 8.3 : Section 8.4 : Overview of Phase Change Modeling Phase Change Modeling Theory User Inputs for the Phase Change Model Solution Strategies for Phase Change Problems 8.1 Overview of Phase Change Modeling in FLUENT FLUENT can be used to solve uid
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Determination of the Calorific Value of Fuels Aim: To quantify the amount of energy produced by different fuels and to determine which fuel is more efficient (has a higher calorific value). Introduction: The easiest way to achieve our aim is by heating a substance with a known specific heat capacity and using the energy released from burning our fuels. This will give us the value of the heat energy released by the combustion of our two fuels. The chemical reaction for combustion: FUEL
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Chemistry Investigation 14: ------------------------------------------------- To determine the enthalpy change of reaction for: ------------------------------------------------- Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) → 2NaHCO3(aq) Given: S1— Anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) S2— Anhydrous sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) A1—Aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4)‚ 0.500mol dm-3 Apparatus | Uncertainty | Measuring cylinder | ± 0.5 ml | Electronic Balance | ± 0.001 g | Data logger | ±0.2 ℃ |
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Measuring the Enthalpy change of combustion Abstract This simple experiment is carried out to show the difference in the enthalpy change of combustion between two fuels‚ hexane and methanol. These fuels are individually weighed before and after used as heat source to heat water in a calorimeter. The result is used to find out amount of heat transferred by the fuel‚ amount of fuel used and the enthalpy change of combustion. Introduction Enthalpy change of combustion is the enthalpy change when
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Hess’ Law of Heat Summation Hess’ Law states that: "The enthalpy change for any reaction depends on the products and reactants and is independent of the pathway or the number of steps between the reactant and product". BASICALLY: Hess’ Law states "the heat evolved or absorbed in a chemical process is the same whether the process takes place in one or in several steps" >This is also known as the "law of constant heat summation". All it means is that no matter how many steps the chemical
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Albedo is the fraction of Sun’s radiation reflected from a surface. Albedo varies depending on the amount of cloud cover‚ the angle of the sun‚ the particle matter in the air and the surface area (Lutgens‚ Tarbuck‚ Tasa‚ 2011).Thus a higher albedo indicates a surface that absorbs less heat‚ and remains cooler. There are several factors that cause higher temperatures in urban area like dark rooftops‚ dark asphalt surfaces‚ and more buildings with more emitted heat from air conditioners and furnaces
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Abstract Chemical equilibrium occurs when a reversible reaction is happening forward and backward‚ at the same time by the same amount‚ is equal. Two procedures were made. First is the Effect of Concentration on Equilibrium. The solution became orange when it was diluted with ammonium hydroxide and the solution became yellow when water was added to the solution. In the second‚ Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium‚ the solution turned into a light brown gas when it was placed in the refrigerator
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Example Lab Report and structure Monash Uni ------------------------------------------------- The lab report The laboratory report is an important form of writing for scientists as it provides a record of experiments completed. Depending on the type of task or investigation you carry out‚ the sections of the written piece may vary‚ but a lab report or project report will usually have a title page‚ abstract‚ introduction and methods‚ results‚ discussion sections‚ a conclusion and references test
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Hess’s Law Mengyuan Wu (Millie) 7 January‚ 14 Aim: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the enthalpy change for the reaction: Introduction: It is impossible to measure the enthalpy change for this reaction directly because the process cannot be controlled. However‚ you can calculate this enthalpy change by using the Hess’s Law. Pre- lab Calculations: Calculation 1: Required Masses for Reaction The ratio of and is required to be 1:100 for Table 1: Calculation
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