TYPES OF BONDS There are a plenty amount of different types of bonds‚ existing nowadays. Actually‚ the bond market offers investors a lot more choices than the stock market. Which bonds to choose depends on the goals‚ tax situation and the risk tolerance of a person who is going to invest in bonds. The broad bond market includes in itself government‚ municipal‚ corporate‚ mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities and international bonds. Within each broad bond market sector it is possible to
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INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL BONDS CHEMICAL BOND Definition: A chemical bond is defined as a force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule. Main types of bond: 1. Ionic or electrovalent bond‚ 2. Covalent bond‚ 3. Coordinate covalent bond Forth type of bond: Metallic bond: The type of bonding which holds the atoms together in metal crystal. Valence electron: The electrons in the outer most energy level in an atom that takes part in chemical
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CHAPTER 7 Bonds Valuation CHAPTER ORIENTATION This chapter introduces the concepts that underlie asset valuation. We are specifically concerned with bonds. We also look at the concept of the bondholder’s expected rate of return on an investment. CHAPTER OUTLINE I. Types of bonds A. Debentures: unsecured long-term debt. B. Subordinated debentures: bonds that have a lower claim on assets in the event of liquidation than do other senior debtholders. C. Mortgage bonds: bonds secured
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Catastrophe Bonds By Kirill Graminschi The trouble with Catastrophe Bonds The article presents the difficulties insurance companies face when they are issuing catastrophe bonds. Do they efficiently hedge against large-scale disasters? It is very difficult hedging against catastrophic losses. Japan’s March earthquake‚ tsunami and nuclear disaster threat could cost the insurance industry between $21 and $34 billion. The catastrophe bonds are not helping much the insurance companies‚ although
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Chemical bond From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such
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a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent Bonds Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms‚ in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom. Hydrogen gas forms the simplest covalent bond in the diatomic hydrogen molecule. The halogens such as
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Corporate Bonds‚ Common stock‚ and Preferred Stock Higher return means higher risk. People use excess money to invest in a corporation. It is a good way gain more money than put money into the saving account to get a little interest. Before you invest you should analyze the characteristics of corporate bonds‚ common stock‚ and preferred stock; and also be aware of their advantages and disadvantages. The corporate bonds are issued by corporations. They are used to increase capital for issuing
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main advantages and disadvantages of CAT bonds compared to (re)insurance from the perspective of the party seeking protection. The first main advantage of CAT bond compared to reinsurance‚ in terms of the party seeking protection‚ the Sponsor‚Munich Re in our case‚ is that CAT bond ‚which is Queen Street II Captial Ltd in our case ‚allows the Munich Re to transfer the catastrophe risks (North Atlantic U.S.hurricane and European windstorms) to the CAT bond investors via SPRV‚ Queen Street II Capital
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Chapter 10: Bond Return and Valuation Q. 6. Find out the yield to maturity on a 8 per cent 5 year bond selling at Rs 105? Solution: Yield to Maturity = [pic] = [pic] = [pic] × 100 = [pic] × 100 YTM = 6.82. Q. 7. (a) Determine the present value of the bond with a face value of Rs 1‚000‚ coupon rate of Rs 90‚ a maturity period of 10 years for the expected yield to maturity of 10 per cent. (b) In N is equal to 7 years in
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Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons‚ one from each atom in a single bond‚ to form electron pairs‚ usually making their outermost shells up to eight electrons by this means. This would make them more stable‚ less reactive and an electronic structure like a noble gas. They are most frequently formed between pairs of non-metallic elements. Non-metallic elements usually have from four to eight electrons in their outermost shells‚ the so-called valency electrons‚ which
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