freshwaters • Define where freshwaters lie on a spectrum of increasing concentrations of dissolved constituents in water. • On average‚ which ions are most prevalent in freshwaters (in comparison with sea water): sodium‚ chloride‚ calcium‚ bicarbonate? • What are hypersaline lakes? Describe their variable compositions. • In what units are constituents in freshwater measured as compared with seawater: grams per litre or milligrams per litre? • Geological influences
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GCSE Sciences Guidance on Controlled Assessment GCSE Sciences Guidance on Controlled Assessment for teaching from September 2011 onwards ( version 1.0 ) Contents Introduction to Controlled Assessment Step-by-step Guide for n 01 04 n Science A n Additional Science n Biology Chemistry n Physics Controlled Assessment in Detail n■ n■ n■ n■ n■ n■ 11 Step 1 – Planning Step 2 – Reporting on the planning and research Step 3 – Practical work Step 4 – Processing
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any other cation = low solubility (insoluble) silver hydroxide‚ AgOH‚ is insoluble (forms a precipitate) Phosphate (PO43-)‚ Carbonate (CO32-)‚ Sulfite (SO32-) + alkali ions (Li+‚ Na+‚ K+‚ Rb+‚ Cs+‚ Fr+)‚ and H+(aq)‚ and NH4 = soluble ammonium phosphate‚ (NH4)3PO4‚ is soluble + any other cation = low solubility (insoluble) magnesium carbonate‚ MgCO3‚ is insoluble Chromate CrO42- + alkali ions (Li+‚ Na+‚ K+‚ Rb+‚ Cs+‚ Fr+)‚ Ca2+‚ Sr2+‚ and NH4+‚ = soluble sodium chromate
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“Acid Rain” Environmental science What is Acid Rain? Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation like rain‚ fog‚ snow‚ or hail that contains harmful substances higher than normal amounts of such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides‚ that is unusually acidic‚ meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Acid rain is also called acid deposition because this term includes other forms of acidic precipitation such as snow. The acid deposition is occurs
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that had been used to make the structures. Marble and limestone used to be very common materials for art that was meant to be exposed outdoors. To a surprise‚ the acid rain could turn the calcium carbonate molecules that were found on these stone materials into calcium sulphate molecules. This is the result of calcium sulphate being dissolved by water; acid rain would eventually wash away the outside layer of buildings and statues. There are many examples all across the world of the corrosive effects
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Chemistry Lab: Hydrolysis of Salts Name_____________________________________________________Date__________________ New Concept: Hydrolysis Reactions Review Concepts/Application: Writing chemical formulas‚ writing ionic equations‚ determining solubility‚ measuring acidity and basicity. Pre-Lab Discussion A salt is an ionic compound containing positive ions other than H+ and negative ions other than OH-. Most salts will dissociate to some degree when placed in water. In many
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be made‚ as our results were not as accurate as we would have liked them to be. These improvements include being more careful when measuring out the hydrochloric acid in the graduated cylinder‚ putting the lid of the tube on faster right after the calcium chloride has been added so that no gas produced can escape‚ and making sure the very fine grains do not get stuck on the tube instead of going all the way down the tube into the hydrochloric acid. The rate of a chemical reaction is the speed at which
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CHE 151-50 Fall 2013 Lab report Isolating the Components of a Three Component Mixture The purpose of this experiment was to separate the component of three mixtures sand‚ sodium chloride and calcium carbonate then calculate the percentage by mass of each component recovered from the mixture. The other purpose of this experiment was to show us the students the concepts associated with physical and chemical properties of substances. Me and my lab partner‚ obtained a mixture of a un known
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They produce large mounds of calcium carbonate‚ much like tropical corals‚ although at a much slower rate than the tropical corals. Contrary to public belief‚ it is the “deep-water coral communities that will first to experience a shift from saturated to undersaturated conditions of calcium carbonate” (Doney‚ 24). Organisms that produce aragonite are more vulnerable to changes in ocean acidity than those that produce
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HKDSE Chemistry – A Modern View 1 (SAMPLE) Suggested Answers (Coursebook) |Chapter 1 The fundamentals of chemistry | |Class Practice |1 | |Chapter Exercises |3 | |Chapter 2 The atmosphere
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