2010 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Germany PRINTED ON ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER N OTE TO THE READER The ABC of European Union law takes account of the modifications made to the European Treaties by the
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EU COHESION POLICY C O N T E N T 1. Introduction 2 2. The Lisbon Treaty – A Union for the 21st Century 3 3. The EU institutional framework: legal framework and main bodies for the EU cohesion policy 5 4. The Funds 8 5. Grouping of the Member States and its regions in the Fifth report on economic‚ social and territorial cohesion (2010) 15 6. Cohesion policy in the Multiannual Financial Framework 2007-2013 and in MFF 2014-2020
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COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS: THE FUTURE OF MODERN MILITARIES Introduction (250) Future of Warfare (200) Yet conflict today has evolved dramatically from the conventional “big war” environment of the ALB world of the 1980s. Rather than a nation-state adversary armed with conventional military capabilities that very much mirrored our own‚ today we are dealing with a world of asymmetrical threats—fighting shadowy adversaries often operating at the murky nexus of terrorism‚ transnational crime
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To what extent is the EU now a ‘superstate’? What obstacles are there to further European Integration? (45 mark) To some extent the EU has become a superstate due to federalist features that combine the member states of the European Union closer together. For Eurosceptic British who oppose the further integration between the states have defined the EU’s superstate to be a huge‚ centralized Brussels Bureaucracy limiting the sovereign authority of member states. This can be controversial as
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fewer than eight major treaties exist within the European Union: Treaty of Paris which created an alliance in coal and steel production meaning nations could no longer prepare its armies discreetly; Treaty of Rome which set up the EEC and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom); Brussels Treaty which consolidated the European institutions; Single European Act which reformed the aforementioned institutions in preparation for Portugal and Spain’s membership; Maastricht Treaty which prepared for
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intervening years the community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU‚ the Treaty of Lisbon‚ came into force in 2009. The EU has developed a single market through a standardized system of laws that apply in all member states. Within the Schengen Area (which includes
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NATO First thing you got to know about NATO‚ or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization‚ is that it is an intergovernmental military alliance which was signed on 4 April 1949. Why was NATO created? Actually NATO is the successor by the “Treaty of Brussels” which was signed on 17 March 1948 by Belgium‚ France‚ UK‚ Netherlands‚ and Luxembourg. This treaty and the Soviet Berlin Blockade led to the Western European Union’s Defence Organization. However‚ participation of the US was necessary to counter
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freedom of movement for workers and freedom of establishment and equal pay and rights for migrant workers. The second stages was Maastricht treaty that creating Maastricht criteria as new economic policy regime and established ‘soft law management’. The thirds stage was focus onwards coordination and competition of national welfare policies. The treaty of Lisbon which is the recently moment in E.U. social policy‚ it defines E.U. seeks to assess the significance of the poverty/social inclusion open
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EU Trade and Development Policies Table of contents 1. The Common Commercial Policy………………………………………………………...3 2. Instruments of the Common Commercial Policy…………………………………………5 3. The Dimensions of the Common Commercial Policy…………………………………….8 4. The European Neighborhood Policy……………………………………………………..13 5. The Union for the Mediterranean………………………………………………………..15 6. The European Union and Russia…………………………………………………………17 7. European Union’s Relations with Other Soviet Republics……………………………..19 8. The
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necessity as regards the creation of European Union Army because member states already cooperate sufficiently with each other. Creating an EU army would prove to be unnecessary because most European states are already members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. For several decades NATO has been defending the military interests of Europe. It is hard to see a problem that NATO cannot solve‚ which the European Defence Force could instead. NATO exists to deal with situations of such magnitude that
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