Charles V‚ and the imperial diet of Worms or the Reichstag The Peace of Augsburg‚ The Thirty Years war and the Treaty of Westphalia John Calvin‚ and the Institutes of Christian Religion and the absolute sovereignty of God—predestination The Society of Jesus or Jesuits and Pope Paul III‚ the Council of Trent Huguenots‚ the House of Bourbon‚ the Valois family‚ Henry IV and the Treaty of Nantes The English Reformation‚ Henry VIII‚ Catherine of Aragon‚ Anne Boleyn‚ Jane Seymour‚ Queen Mary and Elizabeth
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1. What were the ’disasters’ that Europe suffered during the fourteenth century‚ and what were their consequences? (Short Answer). There were many disasters during the fourteenth century for instance‚ The Black Death and the revolts and repression‚ The Hundred Years War‚ The Babylonian Captivity‚ and The Great Schism all of which lead to many consequences. The Black Death was a horrible plague that hit Europe in the 1200 to 1600 time frame‚ wiping out about a third of its population. The disease
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Russia‚ the United Kingdom and sometimes Prussia‚ with limited or no participation by other delegates. On the other hand‚ the Congress was the first occasion in history where‚ on a continental scale‚ national representatives came together to formulate treaties‚ instead of relying
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based on sovereign states is often traced back to the Peace of Westphalia of 1648‚ a stepping stone in the development of the modern state system. Prior to this the European medieval organization of political authority was based on a vaguely hierarchical religious order. Contrary to popular belief‚ Westphalia still embodied layered systems of sovereignty‚ especially within the Holy Roman Empire.[4] More than the Peace of Westphalia‚ the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 is thought to reflect an emerging norm
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INTRODUCTION This paper begins by outlining the definitions and what exactly is meant by international relations. Secondly‚ it tells the story of how and why the study of international relations emerged when it did‚ during the course of modern history. Even though‚ the history and the origins of this discipline alone does not reveal everything we need to know about how international relations functions in this day and age‚ it certainly would help us to understand the legacy left behind by this study’s
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Liberalism and Colonialism The form of rule known as liberalism is one that is generally accepted worldwide as an ideology which is rational and promotes freedom‚ life‚ liberty and protection of individual rights. Many of the world’s political systems are based on the values and concepts evident in liberalism. Historically‚ the ideals of liberalism were revolutionary especially during the time of this ideology’s emergence. However‚ in order to fully comprehend the strengths and weaknesses of liberalism
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different types of intervention and pro- and anti-intervention arguments to try to determine whether states are ever justified in interfering in the affairs of other states. The Westphalian Constitution of world politics based on the peace treaty of Westphalia in 1648 formed the foundation for the international system of states we know today. It outlined three main principles: firstly‚ territoriality - humankind is organized principally into exclusive territorial (political) communities with fixed
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St Hilda’s is a Christian school based on the Anglican Church which was formed as a result of the Protestant Reformation. So what was the Protestant Reformation and how has it shaped Christianity today? In the early 1500s there was only one church‚ the Catholic Church (which we now call the Roman Catholic Church) which was and still is led by a Pope. The different denominations we have now are a result of the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was a movement led by German monk Martin
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radical Calvinist preachers. The Compromise In 1564‚ the Netherlands saw the first fusion of political and religious opposition to Regent Margaret’s government. When Philip II instructed Margaret to enforce the decrees of the Council of Trent on the Netherlands‚ William of Orange’s younger brother‚ Louis of Nassau‚ led the opposition with the support of the Calvinist-minded lesser nobility and townspeople. The opposition drafted the Compromise in which they vowed to resist the decrees of the
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The tax authorities of North Rhine-Westphalia recently paid 3‚5 million Euro for a CD with stolen Swiss bank details of around 1‚000 suspected German tax invaders. It was not the first purchase of a CD from a whistleblower which revealed money moved by German citizens to a tax haven. In 2008‚ a CD with bank accounts of tax invaders hiding undeclared assets in Lichtenstein even convicted the former CEO of Deutsche Post‚ Klaus Zumwinkel. Since then German tax authorities bought several tax CDs which
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