AP Euro Chapter 3 and 4 Outline
radical Calvinist preachers.
The Compromise
In 1564, the Netherlands saw the first fusion of political and religious opposition to Regent Margaret’s government.
When Philip II instructed Margaret to enforce the decrees of the Council of Trent on the Netherlands, William of Orange’s younger brother, Louis of Nassau, led the opposition with the support of the Calvinist-minded lesser nobility and townspeople.
The opposition drafted the Compromise in which they vowed to resist the decrees of the Council of Trent and the Inquisition.
When Regent Margaret’s government called the protesters “beggars” in 1566, Calvinists rioted throughout the country. Louis called for aid from French Huguenots and German Lutherans.
The Duke of Alba
A full scale rebellion against Spain’s influence in the Netherlands never erupted because the higher nobility of the Netherlands would not support it.
Philip II sent the duke of Alba—who was accompanied by his army of 10,000 men—journeyed from Milan to the Netherlands where they assembled a special tribunal, known to the Spanish as the Council of Troubles and among the Netherlands as the Council of Blood, which launched a campaign of terror during which the counts of Egmont and Horn, along with several thousand heretics were publicly executed.
Alba spent six years in the Netherlands and during this time he levied new taxes and continually persecuted Protestants.
Resistance and Unification
William of Orange emerged from exile as the leader of the movement for the independence of the Netherlands from Spain.
He led his operation from the provinces of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht, of which William was governor.
A group of pirates which consisted of anti-Spanish exiles and criminals, known as the “Sea Beggars”, captured port cities and incited rebellions against the Spanish in coastal towns of the Netherlands.
Alba had by this time ceded power to Don Luis de Requesens, who replaced him as commander of the Spanish forces in the
The Compromise
In 1564, the Netherlands saw the first fusion of political and religious opposition to Regent Margaret’s government.
When Philip II instructed Margaret to enforce the decrees of the Council of Trent on the Netherlands, William of Orange’s younger brother, Louis of Nassau, led the opposition with the support of the Calvinist-minded lesser nobility and townspeople.
The opposition drafted the Compromise in which they vowed to resist the decrees of the Council of Trent and the Inquisition.
When Regent Margaret’s government called the protesters “beggars” in 1566, Calvinists rioted throughout the country. Louis called for aid from French Huguenots and German Lutherans.
The Duke of Alba
A full scale rebellion against Spain’s influence in the Netherlands never erupted because the higher nobility of the Netherlands would not support it.
Philip II sent the duke of Alba—who was accompanied by his army of 10,000 men—journeyed from Milan to the Netherlands where they assembled a special tribunal, known to the Spanish as the Council of Troubles and among the Netherlands as the Council of Blood, which launched a campaign of terror during which the counts of Egmont and Horn, along with several thousand heretics were publicly executed.
Alba spent six years in the Netherlands and during this time he levied new taxes and continually persecuted Protestants.
Resistance and Unification
William of Orange emerged from exile as the leader of the movement for the independence of the Netherlands from Spain.
He led his operation from the provinces of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht, of which William was governor.
A group of pirates which consisted of anti-Spanish exiles and criminals, known as the “Sea Beggars”, captured port cities and incited rebellions against the Spanish in coastal towns of the Netherlands.
Alba had by this time ceded power to Don Luis de Requesens, who replaced him as commander of the Spanish forces in the