Spain was the first and the hardest hit, and it became poor. The price revolution also affected the Dutch, but they became rich. Adam Smith was an economist during this time who developed and supported mercantilism and laissez faire, business without government interference. Countries in Europe supported Smith’s ideas to further the effects of the commercial revolution. Chapter 4 - France was an absolute monarchy and Stuart England was a constitutional monarchy in the 1600s. Henry IV, Cardinal Richelieu, and Cardinal Mazarin centralized power and enlarged lands, making France an absolute monarchy. Aristocrats wanted equal political and social power, causing the French Revolution. King Louis XIV initiated religious tension because he destroyed Huguenot buildings and revoked the Edict of Nantes. In the 1600s in England, Puritans revolted against the Stuart monarchy of Charles I. Oliver Cromwell, who became Lord Protector and virtual absolute monarch through the army, established a republic. Charles II, followed by James II, restored the Stuart monarchy after Cromwell’s death. The Glorious Revolution was Protestant William of Orange’s overthrowing of James II. It brought change to the propertied and educated. Moreover, William brought England into the League of Augsburg, which ended French and English
Spain was the first and the hardest hit, and it became poor. The price revolution also affected the Dutch, but they became rich. Adam Smith was an economist during this time who developed and supported mercantilism and laissez faire, business without government interference. Countries in Europe supported Smith’s ideas to further the effects of the commercial revolution. Chapter 4 - France was an absolute monarchy and Stuart England was a constitutional monarchy in the 1600s. Henry IV, Cardinal Richelieu, and Cardinal Mazarin centralized power and enlarged lands, making France an absolute monarchy. Aristocrats wanted equal political and social power, causing the French Revolution. King Louis XIV initiated religious tension because he destroyed Huguenot buildings and revoked the Edict of Nantes. In the 1600s in England, Puritans revolted against the Stuart monarchy of Charles I. Oliver Cromwell, who became Lord Protector and virtual absolute monarch through the army, established a republic. Charles II, followed by James II, restored the Stuart monarchy after Cromwell’s death. The Glorious Revolution was Protestant William of Orange’s overthrowing of James II. It brought change to the propertied and educated. Moreover, William brought England into the League of Augsburg, which ended French and English