Chapter 8 Periodic Properties of the Elements 1) Give the ground state electron configuration for Se. A) [Ar]4s23d104p4 B) [Ar]4s24d104p4 C) [Ar]4s23d104p6 D) [Ar]4s23d10 E) [Ar]3d104p4 Answer: A 2) Give the ground state electron configuration for I. A) [Kr]5s24d105p6 B) [Kr]5s24d105p5 C) [Kr]4d105p6 D) [Kr]5s25p6 E) [Kr]5s25d105p6 Answer: B 3) Give the ground state electron configuration for Sr. A) [Kr]5s24d2 B) [Kr]5s24d105p2 C) [Kr]5s2 D)
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was one experiment conducted by Hertz‚ the photoelectric effect‚ which could not be explained by considering light to be a wave. Hertz observed that when certain metals are illuminated by light or other electromagnetic radiation‚ they lose electrons. Suppose we set up an electric circuit. In this circuit the negative terminal of a battery has been connected to a piece of sodium metal. The positive terminal of the battery is connected through a meter that measures electric current‚ and to
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to light reflection. 2. Electron Double Slit Experiment a. Electrons are fired (possibly one at a time) toward a screen with two slits and each electron that passes through leaves a dot on a film plate. The dots accumulate on specific places‚ as shown in the diagram below‚ separated by b lank zones. Therefore‚ there is a certain probability that an electron may land on C‚ E‚ G… and zero probability that it may go to D‚ F… b. The probability that an electron may land on some point on
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characteristics of water are a result of the interactions between the outermost electrons of the constituent hydrogen and oxygen atoms. They are involved in a chemical process known as bonding. In chemistry there are various types of bonding. They are all a result of electrons interacting with each other. Atoms interact by transferring‚ sharing or rearranging their electrons in a way that allows them to achieve a full shell of electrons which makes the atom stable. In compounds‚ there are two main types
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……zero……….. charge. c) An electron has ………negative…….. charge. d) A proton and an electron have ……opposite……….. and ………equal…….. charge. 2. Complete the following sentences using words from the list below. electron(s) ion(s) neutron(s) nucleus (nuclei) proton(s) a) Every atom contains a ……nucleus……….. which is positively charged. e) The nucleus of an atom is composed of ………protons…….. and ………neutrons……... f) The ……electrons……….. in an atom move about
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When a metallic substance shares electrons with a non-metal substance it forms covalent bonds‚ which make molecules. The metal becomes positively charged atoms‚ which means that the number of electrons is never less than the number of protons. Non-metals become negatively charged atoms‚ and now the number of electrons is more than the number of protons. When atoms share electrons of nonmetals then a covalent bond is formed inside the molecule. Monatomic elements are elements that only contain one
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Model of the Atom 1. In 1911 Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of atomic structure. He suggested that an atom consists of a central nucleus (where most of the mass of the atom is concentrated) having a positive charge‚ surrounded by moving electrons carrying negative charge. Geiger and Marsden carried out an experiment to verify his proposal. The Geiger/Marsden a Particle Scattering Experiment 1. The apparatus is illustrated in the diagram below. | 2. The apparatus was in an evacuated
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CChemistry Exam #2 Study Guide (10/07/12) I. Bonding a. Ionic Bonding i. Electrons are transferred ii. Ions are held together by electrostatic force b. Covalent Bonding iii. Electrons are somehow shared iv. Electrons are attracted to nuclei (shared) II. Electronegativity c. The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself d. Measured on Pauling Scale e. Most electronegative: Fluorine. Then
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Nano- milli- 0.000‚000‚000‚001 0.000‚000‚001 0.001 centi- 0.01 deci- 0.1 deka- 10 hecto- 100 Kilo- 1‚000 Mega 1 kcal = 1000 cal 1 Cal= 1 kcal 1 cal = 4.184 1‚000‚000 • Neutral atoms contain the same number of electrons and protons. • Components of a mixture can be separated (purified) by physical means. • Physical changes alter a substance without any changes to the chemical composition. • Chemical change involves breaking down a substance into other substances
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Topic 5 – Bonding and Structure Revision Notes 1) Introduction • Atoms form bonds to get a full outer shell of electrons • There are three types of bonding: ionic‚ covalent and metallic • The structures produced by forming bonds are either giant or simple • The possible combinations of structure and bonding are giant ionic‚ simple covalent‚ giant covalent and giant metallic • Simple covalent is sometimes called simple molecular • Giant covalent is sometimes called giant
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