TOK ESSAY 4. How can the different ways of knowing help us to distinguish between something that is true and something that is believed to be true? In order to distinguish between what is true and what we simply believe to be true we will first have to define what truth and belief is and how these two terms differ from each other. This paper will then seek to determine how the four different ways of knowing – perception‚ language‚ emotions and reason – can help us distinguish between truth
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English 122: Composition II An Intro to Argument Argument and Rhetoric An argument’s a method for communicating a singular position w/evidence‚ logic‚ & persuasion. There are essential elements to all valid arguments‚ though they may take different forms. 1. Claim 3. Counterargument 2. Evidence 4. Rebuttal A successful argument depends upon the balance between these elements. The claim is the basis of the argument. A big opposing viewpoint‚ called the counterargument‚ is constantly pushing
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Teleological ethical theories vs. Deontological ethical theories By: Jesse Coleman There are two theories that have generally been used to analyze ethical questions. They are teleological ethics and deontological ethics. There are similarities and differences between the two that I will explain in more detail‚ but first I will define a few terms that need explaining. The telo in teleological is translated as ends or goals. So in essence teleological ethics are decided by the ends not the actions
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they both introduced readers to the idea of first principles. A first principle is a style of teaching and learning the best way to structure your life so that you can turn out as best as you have the ability to. Kant’s first principle was the categorical imperative which was essentially a moral obligation that happened to be unconditional and absolute for all agents or beings. This first principle is also not dependent on a person’s inclination or purpose. On the other hand‚ Mill’s first principle
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images and exaggerated similes‚ satirical or humorous effects are expressed as each poem provides an insight into divergent facets of human existence. Established ideas are challenged by largely innocuous lines of reasoning‚ as Donne employs spurious syllogisms to highlight the transcendental nature of religious faith and physical love‚ the meaningless nature of virginity and the notion of death as a transitory stage between the physical world and “paradise”. In his portrayal of the deep romantic love
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Aristotelian Approach to Rhetoric Basically‚ every argument persuades on the basis of three elements: Ethos Pathos Logos Some arguments rely more on one than another. As you read the following‚ consider‚ not only how the arguments we are reading in class use ethos‚ logos‚ and pathos‚ but the extent to which you rely on these in your own arguing‚ written and otherwise. Think of the sermon you heard this Sunday in church: which of these persuasive tools did your pastor use? Ethos This
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talking about philosophy‚ there are many different theories of ethics. Some philosophers believe different things‚ or they expand on previous philosophies. Two theories in particular are Immanuel Kant’s deontological theory. This deals with the categorical imperative‚ and Elizabeth Spelman’s theory which discusses the ethics of care‚ and the ethics of justice. Although these theories are separated by centuries‚ they complement each other. Both theories discuss how to make ethical decisions. Kant’s
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While Aristotle’s work seems to stretch over a variety of terms in order to better understand the entire logic argument he is making‚ Russell really only discusses the relationship between universals and particulars. I believe that Russell’s argument is more defensible because of it being founded in more
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judge it morally. Kant said that nothing was good in itself except for a good will. By will he meant the ability to act from principle; only when we act from a sense of duty does our act have moral worth. We determine our duty by the categorical imperative. An example of good will would be to use the “Golden Rule‚” do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Kant uses this to say that a person’s
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practical reason issues a "categorical imperative" that commands us to act in a accordance with the dictates of reason. There is only one categorical imperative‚ but Kant offers three formulations of it: 1) Act as if your maxim were a universal law of nature. What if everybody did this action? A "maxim" is a personal principle of action‚ such as "I will never lie‚" "stealing is wrong." If your maxim is not one that can be universalized‚ then it does not issue from the categorical imperative. For example
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