group consists of an iron (Fe) ion held in a heterocyclic ring. Iron binds with oxygen. Therefore‚ it has a very important role in transporting oxygen in the blood. How is iron stored and transported in the body?1 Approximately two-third of the iron in the body is stored in hemoglobin. The Surplus iron that is not available directly in the blood is stored in the iron-storing proteins known as ferritin. When dietary iron has been plentiful‚ ferritin is constantly and rapidly made and broken down‚ providing
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is found in red blood cells‚ and it normally consists of four protein subunits. Beta-globin can be found in two of these subunits. The two beta-globin subunits attach to heme‚ a molecule containing iron. This iron molecule in the center of heme can bind to one oxygen molecule. This allows hemoglobin
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Pathophysiology Classification History‚ Physical examination and Investigations • Treatment‚ Prevention and complication • Clinical Cases DEFINITION OF ANAEMIA • Reduction in the haemoglobin concentration‚ haematocrit or number of red blood cells per cubic mm below the mean for age and sex for the normal population (normal range of values for healthy persons) • Anaemia is not a specific entity but is caused by many underlying pathological conditions. NORMAL HB VALUES AGE MEAN
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Sickle-Cell Disease Discovery: http://www.sicklecellanaemia.org/sickle-cell-disease/discovery-of-sickle-cell-disease James Herrick was a doctor in Chicago‚ USA‚ and wrote about his observations of a patient with severe anaemia. When blood samples were viewed under the microscope Herrick noted “peculiar elongated and sickle-shaped red blood corpuscles”. Symptoms: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/ Sickle cell anemia varies from person to person. Some people who have
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treatments with three replications each. The dietary treatments evaluated were 5%‚ 10%‚ 15%‚ 20% and 0% inclusion level of yam peels replacing maize. Results revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in all the parameters evaluated except for the white blood cells‚ lymphocytes and globulin. The results obtained did not follow any pattern except chloride levels which had significant (P<0.05) decrease across all the treatments (88.00 – 72.00 mmol/L). Higher values were obtained from the control-based diet
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1 Skeletal System The skeletal system is a strong yet light‚ flexible living framework that supports the body‚ protects delicate internal organs and makes movement possible. In addition‚ our bones store minerals while red bone marrow produces blood cells. Support The skeleton provides a frame that shapes the body and holds it up. Within the skeleton different characteristics of support can be identified. As the body’s main axis‚ the backbone provides support to the trunk with its upper most section
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8-4 8-5 8-6 8-7 8-8 9-1 9-2 9-3 9-4 9-5 9-6 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 11-1 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-5 11-6 11-7 12-1 Replacing Tissues and Organs‚ 6 Visualizing the Interior of the Body‚ 18 Blood Gases‚ 30 Nitric Oxide‚ 31 Lipids in the Blood‚ 36 A Protein Mystery: Prions‚ 39 Terminology of Solutions‚ 53 Genetic Disease – Sickle-Cell Anemia‚ 59 Abnormal Cellular Functioning – Cancer‚ 61 Cystic Fibrosis‚ 74 Vitamin C and Collagen‚ 78 Cosmetic Collagen‚ 78 Burns‚ 92–93 Preventing Skin Cancer: Common Sense and Sunscreens
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function of the kidneys is to remove waste products and excess water from the blood. The kidneys process about 200 l’s of blood every day and produce about 2 l’s of urine. * The kidneys allow consumption of a variety of foods‚ drugs‚ vitamins and supplements‚ additives‚ and excess fluids. The kidney also plays a major role in regulating levels of various minerals such as calcium‚ sodium‚ and potassium in the blood. * The kidneys also produce certain hormones that have important functions
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organs. About 30 Litter of fluid pass from the blood capillaries into the interstitial fluid each day‚ 27 Litter pass from the interstitial fluid back into the capillaries. If the remaining 3 Litter of fluid were to remain in the interstitial fluid‚ edema would result‚ causing tissue damage and eventual death. Instead‚ the 3 L of fluid enter the lymphatic capillaries‚ where it is called lymph and passes through the lymphatic vessels back to the blood. In addition to water‚ lymph contains solutes derived
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Write your name here Surname Other names Edexcel Certificate Edexcel International GCSE Centre Number Candidate Number Biology Unit: KBI0/4BI0 Science (Double Award) KSC0/4SC0 Paper: 1B Thursday 23 May 2013 – Morning Time: 2 hours Paper Reference KBI0/1B 4BI0/1B KSC0/1B 4SC0/1B You must have: Ruler Calculator Total Marks Instructions black ink or ball-point pen. t Use in the boxes at the top of this page with your name‚ t Fill centre number and candidate number. all questions. t Answer
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