Good afternoon everyone‚ today we are going to continue to talk about the consequence of Earning Management‚ I am xxx We will present the bad side of earning management through 2 cases‚ The first one is Enron: what happened and what we can learn from it and the second one is the ethical dilemma at Northlake. Both cases are present how management is motived to manipulate accounting numbers to achieve their specific purpose‚ for example in the first case‚ Enron increased their net income through
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Service Quality Definition of Service Service is largely intangible and is normally experienced simultaneously with the occurrence of production and consumption. It is the interaction between the buyer and the seller that renders the service to customers (Groonroos‚ 1988). Kotler & Keller‚ (2006) defines service as any act or performance that one party can offer to another that is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything. Services refers to “economic activities
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The Pareto chart would find the most likely cause and tell the organization where to focus its efforts. 2. Describe the origin and use of cause-and-effect diagrams. Cause and effect diagrams originated in 1968 by Dr. Kaoru a noted Japanese quality expert. These diagrams are often called the Ishikawa or fishbone diagrams‚ and are used in order to show the causes of a specific event. Cause and effect diagrams are a way of visualizing how a variety of factors associated with a process affect
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------------------------------------------------- Institute Of Business Management Total Quality Management ------------------------------------------------- Term Report Company: Opal Laboratories (pvt) Limited Submitted to: Mr. Moinuddin Khan Submitted by: Mohammad Tobeh (11931) Muffaddal Moosajee (7743) Muhammad Tariq Qazi (7193) Date of Submission: 20th December‚ 2012 Contact Information Mr. Tariq Ikram Mr. Arif Ikram CEO‚ Opal Laboratories COO‚ Opal Laboratories
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Cost Classifications for Decision-Making. Every decision involves choosing from among at least two alternatives. Only those costs and benefits that differ between alternatives are relevant in making the selection. This concept is explored in greater detail in the chapter on relevant costs. However‚ decision-making contexts crop up from time to time in the text before that chapter‚ so it is a good idea to familiarize students with relevant cost concepts. 1. Differential Costs. A differential cost
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Cost allocation for indirect costs Cost Pool – Set of costs that are added together before being allocated to cost objects on some common basis Cost Driver/ Allocation base Cost Object Cost Driver Rate = Total Costs in Pool/ Total Quantity of Driver Where total quantity of driver = practical capacity of driver Cost of excess capacity = Cost Driver Rate * Excess capacity Predetermined overhead rate - cost per unit of the allocation base used to charge overhead to products. Predetermined
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We already know that following are the important cost concepts related to the production process of a firm: • Fixed Cost • Varibale Cost • Average Cost • Marginal Cost please refer to following page Introduction to Cost Concepts to understand various cost concepts in detail. Here we will briefly state again the meaning of above stated cost concepts for better understanding of the module on short run cost analysis. Fixed Cost is that cost which does not change (that is either goes up or
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Multiple Choice Questions 16. Which terms would make the following sentence true? Manufacturing companies that benefit the most from activity-based costing are those where overhead costs are a _________ percentage of total product cost and where there is ___________ diversity among the various products that they produce. A) low‚ little B) low‚ considerable C) high‚ little D) high‚ considerable 17. Would factory security and assembly
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Lesson-13 Elements of Cost and Cost Sheet Learning Objectives • • • To understand the elements of cost To classify overheads on different bases To prepare a cost sheet Elements of Cost Raw materials are converted into finished products by a manufacturing concern with the help of labor‚ plants etc. The elements that constitute the cost of manufacturing are known as elements of cost. The elements of cost include the following: • • • Material Labor Expenses Each of these elements is again subdivided
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Case Study Inventory The Cost of Inventory The general principle for cost inclusion into inventory for US GAAP and IFRS is similar but not exactly the same. First let us look at US GAAP. The basis of accounting for inventories is “cost‚” which is explained in ASC 330-10-30 paragraph 1 as “the sum of the applicable expenditures and charges directly or indirectly incurred in bringing an article to its existing condition and location.” These costs are divided into two different categories‚ the
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