of a sample of sodium carbonate mixture by titration. Introduction The reaction between sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid occurs in 2 stages‚ with the formation of hydrogen carbonate ion as the intermediate product. Na2CO3(aq) + HCl [pic] NaHCO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) NaHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq) [pic] NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) [pic] Requirements Hydrochloric acid (0.5M)‚ watch glass‚ spatula‚ 250 cm3 beaker‚ wash bottle of distilled water‚ glass rod‚ 250 cm3 volumetric
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chemical reactions include the concentration of reactants‚ temperature‚ surface area‚ the physical state of reactants‚ and a catalyst. This experiment regarding the factors that affect reaction rate tests the effects of increased concentration and temperature of the hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) and also the effect of increased surface area of magnesium metal (Mg). When glow sticks are immersed in a hot water bath‚ it is proven that they glow with greater intensity. This proves that an increased temperature has an effect
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describe‚ using equations‚ examples of chemical reactions which release sulphur dioxide and chemical reactions which release oxides of nitrogen - Combustion of coal containing sulphur S(s) (in compound) + O2(g) → SO2(g) - Smelting of sulphide ores (zinc ore) 2ZnS (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2ZnO (s) + 2SO2(g) - Nitrogen combining with oxygen in the atmosphere N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) - Nitric oxide combining with oxygen in the atmosphere 2NO(g) + O2 (g) → 2NO2(g) 3. Summarise the industrial origins of sulphur
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w w w e tr .X m eP e ap UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education .c rs om *2925136620* CHEMISTRY Paper 3 (Extended) 0620/33 May/June 2012 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs
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Cotton Wool * Stop clock * Meter rule * Tweezers * 2 Rubber bum Method: * The equipment was collected. * The glass tube was placed between the two clamps ensuring that it was leveled. * A small amount of hydrochloric acid was poured into the beaker. * The cotton wool was placed at one end of the glass tube using tweezers. Seal it off with a rubber bum. * Repeating steps 3-5 simultaneously. * The stop clock was started‚ keeping record of time taken
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Trinity Grammar School Year 12 HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination (April‚ 2010) This examination contributes 15% towards your final assessment Time Allowed: 3 hours (plus 5 minutes reading time) Student Number:________________________________________ Format of paper Part A: 20 multiple choice questions (worth 1 mark each). All answers must be entered in the special multiple choice Answer sheet provided. Part B: Free response questions worth 80 marks in total. All answers must be written
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Introduction: Thermochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the energy and heat associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations. A reaction may release or absorb energy‚ and a phase may change‚ such as in melting and boiling. Thermochemistry focuses on these energy changes‚ particularly on the system ’s energy exchange with its surroundings. In combination with entropy determinations‚ it is used to predict whether a reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous‚ favourable
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Introduction: In my coursework I will be mainly concentrating on the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid with marble chips (calcium carbonate). Calcium carbonate (marble chips) + hydrochloric acid ==> calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide CaCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) ==> CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) Aim: The aim of the experiment is to investigate how the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the rate of reaction with marble chips‚ i.e. how quickly/how much hydrogen is produced
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tertiary depending on the number of alkyl substituents directly attached to the carbon bearing the halogen atom. The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to prepare t-butyl-chloride‚ an alkyl halide‚ by dissolving t-butyl alcohol in concentrated hydrochloric acid. The reaction occurs via nucleophilic substitution‚ in which a nucleophile replaces the leaving group in the substrate. In this case‚ the hydroxyl group of t-butyl alcohol is replaced by a chlorine atom. The reaction proceeds via Sn1mechanism
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down the concentration gradient. Cells respond to their external environment by shrinking‚ swelling‚ or staying the same based on the movement of water molecule. The eggshell is made of calcium carbonate. When calcium carbonate is in contact with hydrochloric acid‚ a chemical reaction will takes place and carbon dioxide is released. This results in production of gas bubbles on the surface of the egg. Hypothesis The higher the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl)‚ the lower the mass change of the
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