OLD AND NEW MEDIA: CONVERGING DURING THE PAKISTAN EMERGENCY (MARCH 2007-FEBRUARY 2008) Abstract Arguments about digital technology‚ civic engagement‚ and collective action are often framed in the context of political participation in developed nations‚ particularly‚ the United States. Many have concluded that the availability of digital technologies and new media platforms facilitates democratic practices and participatory behavior. Whether this is equally true of the developing world remains to
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behind. Bibliography Primary Source: * In the Line of Fire: a Memoir ‘Pervez Musharraf‘. Free Press 2006 *Reconciliation: Islam‚ democracy and the West ‘Benazir Bhutto’. New York Harper 2008 *The Struggle Within‚ John Wilson: foreword by Vikram Sood. Upper Saddle
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civilian administration so they kept on inviting military to solve internal and external problems. This inability of political forces led to an increased military role in the process of decision making. After the assassination of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in 1951‚ military emerged as a strong institution and it was in the position to assume powers through the imposition of Martial Law in 1958. Since then military forged a partnership with bureaucracy to run the country. During last 60 years our
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SHAHEED ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTO INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH PROPOSAL FOR THE TOPIC “To determine factors which help websites land on first page of search engine” RESEARCH PROJECT (MBA) RESEARCH PROJECT INTERNAL: MR. ASIM RIAZ SUBMITTED BY: S M KAMRAN QAMAR -1139137 SAMREEN JAVAID- 1139133 RESEARCH PROPOSAL Background / Preamble: SEO is the practice of making it easier for site owners and their audience to find each other‚ to meet the objectives of the site
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Pakistan Economy from 1990-2010 The economy of Pakistan is the 47th largest in the world in nominal terms and 27th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economy‚ which mainly encompasses textiles‚ chemicals‚ food processing‚ agriculture and other industries. Growth poles of Pakistan’s economy are situated along the Indus River‚ diversified economies of Karachi and Punjab’s urban centres coexist with lesser developed areas in other
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CORRUPTION ABSTRACT:- Corruption is a ‘poison’ which squanders the government resources‚ deters investment and is detrimental to economic growth and political development. It flourishes‚ if people in authority are dishonest and corrupt‚ the state institutes are weak‚ and there is a political instability‚ financial control‚ lack of transparency in governance and disregard of the rule of law. It can be curbed if there is honest leadership‚ meritocracy‚ financial
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Assignment on Musharraf Regime Course Code: PKS (101) Course Title: Pakistan Studies Submitted by: Maryam Ihsan Roll Number: 11051509-0057 Submitted to: Prof. M. Iqbal Roy Govt. Murray College Sialkot Contents 1) Introduction 2) Musharraf Regime 1) INTRODUTION
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among the worst in Asia.” A survey taken by Transparency International said that the Pakistani public perceives the first and second terms of Musharraf as being more corrupt than the first and second terms of previous administrations led by Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Shariff. Musharraf told the people that under his administration the corruption issues would be “cleaned up‚” but since his take over‚ the corruption within the higher ranks of the military and government has only become worse. Musharraf’s
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After a decade of Global War On Terror --- Economic‚ social‚ political impact on Pakistan Majyd Aziz The exodus of Russians from Afghanistan‚ the megalomania of Iraq’s Saddam‚ the spread of Islam in the West‚ the domestic and external pressure on the American economy‚ the 9/11 historical event‚ and the voluminous studies of latter-day Dr Strangelove’s clones nurtured and financed by massively-funded American think tanks were all contributing factors in a series of initiatives undertaken by
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Central government over the two provinces and increased Ayub’s powers. Things should have changed with the 1973 constitution which granted regional autonomy but Bhutto increased his grip by making amendments in the constitution which decreased the powers of the judiciary and the assembly. Thus‚ the undemocratic authoritarian rules of Bhutto and Ayub resulted in resentment and pressure towards the Centre to increase. Another reason why federalism didn’t work out the way it should have was the ethnic
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