1. How did territorial expansion affect Native Americans in North America?
The Native Americans lost their “spirit”. Native Americans were considered savages and were either killed or conformed to the American control. The Indians lost their identity due to the American expansion.
2. How were the contradictions of economic expansion expressed by American artists?
Walt Whitman linked the romantic, transcendental, and realist movements together to revolutionize literature. The American artist told stories of the auctions, of the markets, and of the vast possibilities of the American people.
3. What is ragtime?
A genre of popular music in which the musician takes a classical or popular melody and plays it in an “off beat” fashion.
4. What is an expatriate?
An expatriate is an American who no longer lives in America and has adapted to the foreign country in which they reside.
5. What ideal of America was exhibited at the Columbian Exposition?
The ideals of America which were supposed to be exhibited were that of the economical, technological, and cultural progresses made in the country. But all that was captured were the unfair policies towards the African Americans. Another thing that was represented on that day was the great architectural genius of the Americans, such as the Louis Sullivan skyscrapers, New York central park, and riverside, Illinois.
Chapter 33
1. What was the significance of the 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris?
The 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris brought on a change or enlightenment of western technological innovation and political and social superiority. The exposition brought a prominent change to Paris, especially the Eiffel Tower.
2. What is the fin de siècle?
Fin de siècle means the end of the century, which for Paris meant the before and after of the Exposition of 1889 and 1900–the end of abandonment for art and culture into a time of enlightenment and innovation.
3. What is Post-Impressionism?
This is the generation of painters in which followed the Impressionist style but thought to advance and manipulate the styling to make it greater.
4. How does Symbolism manifest itself outside of France?
Symbolism was manifested through Friedrich Nietzsche outside of France. Symbolism is the practice of faith without the practicality of formalized religion and moral rules. Nietzsche challenged Socrates’ appeal towards rationality in human affairs. He came up with Apollonian, art and sculpture, and Dionysian, music and dance, as a way to explain the tragedy of the two combined.
5. How did developments in Africa reflect European beliefs and sensibilities?
Europe held no sensible thought as to how Africa would be affected. Europe believed that in order to prosper then you must bring everyone else down to get to the top, thus survival of the fittest takes effect.
6. How were France's imperial ambitions represented at the 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris?
The exposition showcased France as the greatest center of art. France commemorated its imperial supremacy, modern technology, and national pride by symbolizing it with the rise of the Eiffel tower and the many innovations in technology and cultural heritage.
Chapter 36
1. What was the Harlem Renaissance? Name some major players of it. How did it influence the rest of the world?
The Harlem Renaissance was an exploration of the double-conscious that defined African-Americans. It was considered an avant-garde destined to rehabilitate the African-Americans into a position of spiritual and financial impoverishment. The Harlem renaissance was the center of all things blues and jazz.
2. What is the International Style in architecture? Where did it begin? Who started it? Who was a major contributor to this style?
The internation style in architecture was the beginning of skyscrapers. It was the use of open interior spaces, steel-framed construction that extended over porches that connected to the exterior spaces. It gave a driving force for machines in the upcoming future. It was said that the international style gave form to the machines in which they admired; they were “pure forms… without ‘arbitrary applied ornament’… and severe, flat surfaces in its place”.
3. What is suggested by the adage "make it new"?
It was a combination of jazz and the modernist impression. The “make it new” was a celebration of the new era of machinery that tried to capture the voice of everyday Americans. Taking the new blues, jazz and swing music into architecture then into literature then to theater. Making it new was a step in incorporating the new style in music to other aspects of life to voice the new American way.
4. What characterizes the "golden age" of silent film? Name some of its most famous actors and comedians.
The golden age of film was contributed by the migration of New Yorkians to California. Those garment workers discovered a new world in and around Hollywood, where they found the motion picture industry.