1450 1750 Review Copy

1450-1750
Review

What were the major changes/developments from 1450 – 1750?

1450-1750 Major Developments
European discovery of Americas creates a New Global

Economy which begins a process of globalization
Atlantic Trade Network (Triangular Trade)
Atlantic Slave Trade

Major Biological Exchanges (Columbian Exchange)
New Empires in Asia, Africa, Europe and Americas
Gunpowder Empires

Colonial administrations
Coercive labor systems
Slave Systems
Rise of Europe
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment

What were the major civilizations from 1450-1750?

Major Civilizations 1450-1750
The Americas: Aztec, Inca
Africa: Kongo, Benin, Oyo, Dahomey, Ashanti,

Songhay
East Asia: Ming, Qing, Tokugawa
South Asia: Mughal

What were some of the major continuities from 1450-1750?

Continuities 1450-1750
Existing trade routes continued to be

important to global exchange
No sweeping global cultural changes during this era
No systematic changes in gender relations
Spread of world religions continued
Ex. Christianity to the Americas

What were the major global processes from 1450-1750?

Global Processes 1450-1750
Triangular Trade Network (including Atlantic Slave

Trade)
Exploration
European Colonization of the Americas
Columbian Exchange

Must-Know Dates 1450-1750

1453

1453
Ottomans capture Constantinople

1488

1488
Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

1492

1492
Columbus sails the ocean blue.

1502

1502
African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

1517

1517
Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

1521

1521
Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

1533

1533
Pizarro conquered the Incas.

1571

1571
Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the

Ottomans)

1588

1588
British defeat the Spanish Armada

1600

1600
Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa

Shogunate

1618-1648

1618-1614
Thirty Years War

1683

1683
Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

1689

Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

Ottomans capture Constantinople

1453
Ottomans capture Constantinople

Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

1488
Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

Columbus sails the ocean blue.

1492
Columbus sails the ocean blue.

African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

1502
African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

1517
Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

1521
Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

Pizarro conquered the Incas.

1533
Pizarro conquered the Incas.

Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the

Ottomans)

1571
Battle of Lepanto
(naval defeat of the Ottomans)

British defeat the Spanish Armada

1588
British defeat the Spanish Armada

Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa

Shogunate

1600
Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa
Shogunate

Thirty Years War

1618-1648
Thirty Years War

Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

1683
Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

1689
Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

1450-1750
The Early Modern Era
Review Questions

What was the general status of women from1450 – 1750?

Women
1450 - 1750
In most parts of the world, women continue to occupy

a secondary status.
In most societies, marriage was primarily an economic arrangement.
In a limited and gradual sense, some parts of
Europe began to develop a greater awareness of the injustice of the position women held in society.
Aristocratic women and increasingly middle class women had informal forms of influence over husbands and sons, the education of children, running households and businesses and managing finances.
A handful of monarchs were women.

What were the major economic trends in the period 1450-1750?

Economic Trends 1450-1750
Rise of a global trade network
Emergence of Europe as a world economic power
Decline in the power of nomadic groups
Inflation as a result of increase in gold and silver
New major trade network (Atlantic)
Increase in the importance of trade-based wealth vs.

land- based wealth
New labor systems
Enslavement of Native American and Africans by

Europeans
European colonial economies in the Americas heavily dependant on based on slave labor

What were the major demographic trends in the period 1450-1750?

Demographic Trends 1450-1750
Migration of Europeans to the Americas
Forced migration of Africans to the Americas
Overall global population increase
Largest increases in population were in Europe and Asia

What were the major environmental trends in the period 1450-1750?

Environmental Trends 1450 – 1750
Transfer of plants, animals and diseases via

the Columbian Exchange
Increase agricultural development

What were the major cultural and intellectual developments in the period 1450-1750?

Cultural and Intellectual Developments
1450 - 1750

European Renaissance
Protestant Reformation
European Enlightenment
Increase in the influence of Neo-Confucianism

in China
New art forms in the Mughal Empire in India

What were the major land-based powers from 1450 – 1750 ?

Land-based Powers 1450 -1750
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire (Persia/Present-day Iran)
Mughal Empire (India)
Ming and Qing China
Tokugawa Japan
Songhay (Songhai) Empire (western Africa)
Benin

What were the major sea-based powers from 1450 – 1750 ?

Sea-based Powers 1450 – 1750
Portugal
Spain
France
England

What were the reasons for an increase in the population in
Europe from 1450 - 1750?

Reasons for Rise in European Population
Introduction of potatoes and corn from the

“New World”
European agricultural revolution

Describe the phases of
Europe’s emergence as a world power from 1450-1750.

Rise of Europe
1450 - 1750
Before 1400s – Europe is behind
1500s – 1600s – Europe is about even
1700s – Europe is beginning to pass other

parts of the world in terms of wealth and technology 1800s – Europe is becoming a dominant economic and military world power and there is an increase in European imperial activity

What were the major political developments from 1450 – 1750
?

Political Developments in Europe 1450 1750
1st World Wars (ex. 7 Years War)
Rise of Nation-States
New forms of monarchy
Absolute Monarchies
Parliamentary Governments

What is divine right?

Divine right
Monarch get their right to rule from God;

therefore, this right cannot be taken away

What is a nation-state?

Nation-state
Solid political units with relatively fixed

borders, a sense of national unity and mostly homogeneous populations ethnically and linguistically

What were the major social developments in Europe from 1450 – 1750 ?

Social Developments in Europe
1450 - 1750
Social diversification as a result of the

growing importance of nonagricultural occupations (ex. Banking, commerce, trade, shop keeping, artisanry, craftsmanship)
Rise of middle class (bourgeoisie)

Which dynasties ruled
China from 1450-1750?

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
Qing Dynasty (1644-

How did Japan begin this period (1450-1750?)

Japan was disunified
Governed by military shoguns
Feudal wars
Independent states ruled by landed

aristocracy (daiymo)

Who unified Japan in
1603?

Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Shogunate ruled from 1603-1868.

What were the three gunpowder empires?

Ottoman
Safavid
Mughal

Where was each empire located? Ottoman – N. Africa, SE Europe, SW Asia
Safavid – Present day Iran
Mughal – northern India

What are did the gunpowder empires have in common?

Where were the founders of the Ottoman Empire from?

Central Asia

Who was at the top of the
Ottoman political structure?

The Sultan

How were sultans different from European monarchs?

Sultans did not marry
The heir was not necessarily the oldest son

Where was the Ottoman capital? Istanbul

Who was the greatest of the Ottoman sultans?

Suleiman the Magnificent
(aka Suleiman the Lawgiver)

What elite group of soldiers supplemented the Ottoman military?

janissaries

What was the harem?

elite social network made up mostly of the

sultan’s relatives

Who is the best known
Ottoman architect?

Sinan

Who was at the top of the
Safavid political structure?

The Shah

What was the main culture and religion in the Safavid Empire?

Persian Culture
Religion – Shiite Muslim

What became a national industry in the Safavid Empire?

Persian Rugs

Who established the
Mughal Empire?

Mongol warlord – Babur (aka the Tiger) in

1520

What was the most important trade item in the Mughal Empire?

textiles

The Mughals are known for what famous architectural structure?

The Taj Mahal