No single principle can account for development of cognition without reference to the social and cultural influences”.
Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) researched and developed a theory in cognitive development focusing on socio-cultural contribution towards cognitive development while Piaget also developed a cognitive development theory but without any focus at all. Social and cultural influences have proven to have an influence on the development of cognition. South Africa is a country with diverse cultures therefore the learners we teach come from different social and cultural backgrounds, they come to class with different social and cultural influences instilled in them before we as educators can begin to create meaningful learning for them. The Collins Cobuild advanced dictionary is defines social as a large organized group, while culture is defined as ‘culture: consists of activities such as the arts and philosophy, which are considered to be important for the development of civilization and of people’s minds’ by the same dictionary. ‘Vygotsky’s theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition’. Social interaction plays a major role towards the development of cognition because it is human nature for people to interact with one another. Human beings are exposed to each other and we learn from one another as a result. The child-centered
Philosophies of Dewey, Montessori, Piaget and others follow in part from similar views.
Kant (1724 – 1804) refined and modernized Plato’s rationalist theory with his
Suggestion that “a priori” knowledge was knowledge that was present before experience. Therefore social and cultural knowledge exist even before the cognitive development .Vygotsky's theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition Vygotsky, 1978), as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the process of "making