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1. Define quality and understand its importance (principles of total quality).
Quality is any planned and systematic activity directed toward providing customers with goods and services of appropriate quality, along with the confidence that products meet consumer’s requirement.
Transcendent definition
Product-based definition
User-based definition
Value-based definition
Manufacturing-based definition

Principle of total quality is the foundation of philosophy which including:
A focus on customers and stakeholders
Employee engagement and teamwork by everyone in the organization
A process focus supported by continuous improvement and learning.

2. Describe the role of systems thinking in the continuous quality improvement approach.
A system is a set of functions or activities within an organization that work together for the aim of the organization. Successful management relies on a systems perspective, one of the most important elements of total quality.

Ackoff concluded that management should focus on the interactions of parts and of the system with other systems, rather than the actions of parts taken separately.
Manufacturing, service, health care and high education.

Systems learning cycle:
Planning
Execution of plans
Assessment of progress
Revision of plans based on assessment findings.

3. Describe Deming’s system of profound knowledge.
Appreciation of a system: organizational processes are cross functional, systems must work together, and every system must have a purpose.
Understanding variation: unbalance variation caused product failures, unhappy customers and unnecessary cost. Statistical methods can be used.
Theory of knowledge: knowledge is not possible without theory. Experience alone does not establish a theory, it only describes.
Psychology: intrinsic motivation is the most powerful.

4. Illustrate the role of leadership & strategy in quality management.
Leadership: the ability to

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