A Theory Of Conformity Summary
B. Douglas Bernheim (October 1994) A Theory of Conformity. Retrieved from. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/261957 The purpose of this book is to present a theory of conformity created by the author. It observes social interaction where individuals care about status and utility that comes from consumption. The status of a person is decided by what others think of them instead of how that person acts, although the way they act can affect their status. Status is thought to be important but most people conform to one single standard on how to behave because they notice that even the slightest amount of a departure from the social normalities and there can harm their status. Society disapproves of nonconformists and therefore
makes people conform in order to not become an outcast. In particular some normalities are widely accepted and are constantly followed but some norms are only persistent in smaller groups. The theory suggests that there are many subcultures with different norms and not only social groups. The book keeps the reader's interest but the researcher was only able to access part of the book. It does support the topic.
Blake E. Ashford, Fred Mael. (November 19, 1981) Retrieved from. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Blake_Ashforth/publication/310438930_Social_identity_theory_and_the_organization/links/583c91ee08ae502a85e3e966.pdf The purpose of this paper is to suggest a social identity theory that affects or is affected by organization. SIT (social identity theory) suggests that people classify themselves and others into social categories, like gender, age, and religious beliefs. Categories are determined by different characteristics of the members in that category. Social classification can help someone to locate or define themselves by letting them know that there is a place for them in a certain category with certain characteristics. Social or group identification is seen as a person experiencing the success and failures of a group and is usually emphasized during times of great loss. The organization of an individual helps them know who they are although they often have more than one organization group. Individuals tend to choose activities that match the most noticeable aspects of their identities and support that identity. Identification can affect the outcomes of cooperation, causing problems in the group. Depending on the amount of people in a group an individual can have multiple identities that are only suggested to themselves. Group identification can happen even without leadership. The paper was a bit hard to understand, needs more clarification and only partly supported the researcher's topic.
Christian S. Crandall, Amy Eshelman, Laurie O’Brien (November 19, 1981) Social Norms and the Expression and Suppression of Prejudice: The Struggle for Internalization. Retrieved from. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chris_Crandall/publication/11460657_Social_Norms_and_the_Expression_and_Suppression_of_Prejudice_The_Struggle_for_Internalization/links/551025700cf2a7335e84775d/Social-Norms-and-the-Expression-and-Suppression-of-Prejudice-The-Struggle-for-Internalization.pdf The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of social normalities and prejudice in society. Social normalities can be described, measured, and can influence the expression of prejudice. People adhere firmly to social norms when expression prejudice and the expression of hostility depends on norms. The data can be predicted through many theories and common sense. Individual tolerance often represents group tolerance due to the different norms in that group. Using norms to represent prejudice is important because it can highlight the struggle to incorporate things into an individual's nature. The paper was confusing to read and did not support the reasearcher's topic.
makes people conform in order to not become an outcast. In particular some normalities are widely accepted and are constantly followed but some norms are only persistent in smaller groups. The theory suggests that there are many subcultures with different norms and not only social groups. The book keeps the reader's interest but the researcher was only able to access part of the book. It does support the topic.
Blake E. Ashford, Fred Mael. (November 19, 1981) Retrieved from. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Blake_Ashforth/publication/310438930_Social_identity_theory_and_the_organization/links/583c91ee08ae502a85e3e966.pdf The purpose of this paper is to suggest a social identity theory that affects or is affected by organization. SIT (social identity theory) suggests that people classify themselves and others into social categories, like gender, age, and religious beliefs. Categories are determined by different characteristics of the members in that category. Social classification can help someone to locate or define themselves by letting them know that there is a place for them in a certain category with certain characteristics. Social or group identification is seen as a person experiencing the success and failures of a group and is usually emphasized during times of great loss. The organization of an individual helps them know who they are although they often have more than one organization group. Individuals tend to choose activities that match the most noticeable aspects of their identities and support that identity. Identification can affect the outcomes of cooperation, causing problems in the group. Depending on the amount of people in a group an individual can have multiple identities that are only suggested to themselves. Group identification can happen even without leadership. The paper was a bit hard to understand, needs more clarification and only partly supported the researcher's topic.
Christian S. Crandall, Amy Eshelman, Laurie O’Brien (November 19, 1981) Social Norms and the Expression and Suppression of Prejudice: The Struggle for Internalization. Retrieved from. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chris_Crandall/publication/11460657_Social_Norms_and_the_Expression_and_Suppression_of_Prejudice_The_Struggle_for_Internalization/links/551025700cf2a7335e84775d/Social-Norms-and-the-Expression-and-Suppression-of-Prejudice-The-Struggle-for-Internalization.pdf The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of social normalities and prejudice in society. Social normalities can be described, measured, and can influence the expression of prejudice. People adhere firmly to social norms when expression prejudice and the expression of hostility depends on norms. The data can be predicted through many theories and common sense. Individual tolerance often represents group tolerance due to the different norms in that group. Using norms to represent prejudice is important because it can highlight the struggle to incorporate things into an individual's nature. The paper was confusing to read and did not support the reasearcher's topic.