Activity Based Costing Method (ABC). ABC determines and allocates cost by activities a company executes. This generally happens in four steps: identify each activity and its associated costs, both total and indirect; estimated cost driver and quantity; allocation computation; and cost allocation to the respective activity. ABC refines the way indirect costs are allocated to production and focuses on the costs of each individual activity. Costs are also further assigned to each product within the activities and each activity has its own cost driver. Because of the specificity, active based costing provides a…
(B) A good example of how ABC systems are better than the traditional costing systems is represented in the case of Hammer Products, Inc. In order to compare them, we first need to calculate the total cost per unit under each costing system, and then determine how much money each product will generate; also known as profit margin per unit. The first step to compute the total cost per unit under the traditional costing system is to determine the predetermined overhead rate that will be used in calculating the manufacturing overhead per unit. As shown in exhibit1, the predetermined overhead rate is obtained by dividing the total estimated manufacturing overhead cost for the year by the total estimated number of hours applied to production. In this case, the predetermined overhead rate turned out to be $48dlh; which means that for every hour spent on the production of these products, $48 will be applied to manufacturing overhead. Once the predetermined overhead rate is determined, we can figure out how much money has been applied to each, single unit of production by multiplying the predetermined overhead rate by the number of direct labor hours that it took to produce each unit. Then, if we add the direct materials and direct labor amounts that were previously given to the manufacturing…
Contrary to what you may think, a character's actions shape the story. If the protagonist was quick, cunning and strong while the antagonist was clumsy, wimpy and weak, the outcome would be a boring one-sided battle. If, however, the traits were swapped, then the protagonist would need some extra outside help before winning. These small details, like very convincing red herring, change the outcome. In the book ABC Mystery, it shows that the character's actions shape the story.…
The assignment of the manufacturing costs (manufacturing towels, customising and other factory overhead) towards product groups will be taken as a given and will not be re-allocated because the company has full confidence in the accuracy of these figures. However, in order to reveal the true profitability of the three customer accounts we will examine & re-allocate the costs regarding selling and administrative expenses towards the customer groups. We will use for this the ABC approach. The steps to take in ABC analysis are the following ones [Slagmulder, 2010]: 1. Identify the key activities…
In 1983 a former Pittsburg Steelers’ Player Franco Harris formed a company called Super Bakery Inc. the company’s management had a very rough start because they monitored and followed practices in the industry too closely. Tracking and following the company’s practices hurt the growth of the industry and customers were not satisfied with performance Franco Harris and his staff needed to create strategies that will help the company improve customer’s satisfaction at the same time The company had a rough start, especially the first four years of functioning due to them trying to follow the industry practices too closely. This was very detrimental to Super Bakery Inc. because it was hurting the growth of the company. These disappoint drove Franco Harris and his management to find new tactics to reach their customers and show them what their product is all about and grow. Throughout this paper the strategies used by management of Super Bakery will discussed; as well as the reasoning the company chose the Activity-based costing system (ABC). Finally what would be the best order cost system for Super Bakery Inc. to utilize job or process?…
1. Co-op Bank started using activity based costing to allocate operating expenses to products and customers. The overall process is important to the ultimate success of the bank, so it needs to be logical and transparent. The bank’s project team came up with 3 questions for the activity-based costing: “How should it define resource pools? What activities should it define? Should it analyze costs by product or by customer?” These questions seem very logical in helping implement the activity based costing. By writing the parts of account costing along the wall, everyone was involved and engaged while being able to see the work flow better. Many sources of information were used, which creates high validity within the bank. The bank brought analysts in to look over the activity based costing. Their results showed that all three Visa accounts were highly profitable products. The team chose three periods that would represent the bank’s cost structure. March, April, and May were the selected months for the sampling quarter, which is not a long period of time to gather accurate information. The period size is too small and it leaves out other important activity costs and holiday spending. Another weakness would be allocating the sustaining costs; the bank didn’t figure out how to allocate the costs between products. It would have been better to allocate the costs directly to the product in the long run, even though it would be expensive and very time consuming. Co-op Bank should keep the Independent Financial Advice/Insurance because the infrastructure costs aren’t going anywhere. The Independent Financial Advice/Insurance had very high marketing and sales activity costs, so the bank could reduce marketing as a direct step. The Pathfinder is one of the five entry products; customers may be disappointed if the bank got rid of it. The bank could see if there is a similar product that could be substituted instead. The Pathfinder costs showed very high customer inquiries,…
In supply chain, ABC analysis is an inventory categorization method which consists in dividing items into three categories, A, B and C: A being the most valuable items, C being the least valuable ones. This method aims to draw managers’ attention on the critical few (A-items) and not on the trivial many (C-items).…
Activity Based Costing (ABC) is best known for its appilcation in computing product costs, but firms also find it useful in determining the cost of serving customers and as a basis for evaluating the profitabilty of a specific customer or group of customers. Why is this important? Most managers agree that 80% of their profits come from the top 20% of their customers and most important, the bottom 20% of their customers are unprofitable. For example, to compete with Walmart,Best Buy works hard to attract profitable customers and equally hard to discourage the unprofitable customers which those that are price shopping and looking for discounts and promotions and comparing prices to Walmart. Best Buy studies demographic and sales data for each store location to identify profitable and unprofitable customers.…
Management accountant overcome this problem by using activity based costing (ABC) Activity-Based Costing (control. It was developed as an approach to address problems associated with traditional cost management systems, that tend to have the inability to accurately determine actual production and service…
activity-based cost is a method for improving the accuracy of cost determination. To develop a system like this one needs to understand the relationship among resources, activities, products and services resources are spent on activities, products and services are a result of activities. Activity based cost can soundly estimate cost elements of product activities and services this helps the company eliminate products and services that are unprofitable and ineffective. Segmented portability analysis breaks down cost according to customers that demand the good or service the only cost relevant to a customer or will/ should serve as input in segment analysis this analysis grants clarity so one knows which customers are profitable and which one are unprofitable. I agree with manager Jake Williams who feels the grocery segment is most important because the largest percentage of business is concentrated in the grocery segment with 250 retail customer locations accounting for 2,100,000 annual sales and more than 74% of annual revenue it simply doesn't make sense to focus much if any attention 2towards mass merchandise segment that only counts for almost 12% of annual revenue the most attractive segment is grocery and most activity and resources should be focused on this particular segment strategically this would be the best decision .…
ABC analysis, Pareto’s law or “80/20 rule” are all-synonymous of the same tool which basically states that 20% of a given population represents 80% of a specific characteristic. In purchasing, the basic ABC analysis is used to identify which segments represent most of the spend in a given category or portfolio. Most of the time, few segments in a portfolio constitute the largest part of the total spend. Usually, - The A segments represent approximately 80% of the total spend within a category - The B segments represent the following 15% of the total spend within a category - The C segments are the remaining (most of the time several segments) which represents the final 5% of the total spend The ABC approach can also be used in other analyses such as: Spend per supplier in a portfolio: few suppliers will represent most of the spend Number of orders per supplier: few suppliers will have most of the orders in a portfolio Number of items bought per supplier: few suppliers will deliver most of the articles in a portfolio…
ABC Analysis is an inventory categorization method which divides items into three categories, A, B, C: A being the most valuable items, B being the average valuable items and C being the least valuable ones. Inventory analyzed under the ABC method is classified in order of profitability to the company, Class A inventory accounts for 80 percent of revenue, class B inventory for 15 percent of revenue and class C for 5 percent of revenue().The supply manager can thus identify inventory items that yields more revenue for the company and separate them from the rest of the items, especially those that are numerous but not that profitable.…
1. What is the market value of a $1,000 face-value bond with a 10 percent coupon rate when the market's rate of return is 9 percent?…
There is nothing simpler than a business set up- gather capital, invest it with a proper business plan in mind and reap the profit! However the mechanisms involved in the second step of the process involves a lot of calculations, prior proper planning and formulating effective business methods. Generally if it is a small business set up the steps are simple but as the business continues to expand, the number of assets of the company increases and to maintain these assets properly some effective techniques need to be followed. The ABC analysis method is one such technique. This method involves classifying the inventory of a company into three categories, namely A, B and C.…
In today’s advanced manufacturing and competitive environment, accurate costing information is crucial for all the kinds of businesses, such as manufacturing firms, merchandizing firms, and service firms. Argued to be superior to the traditional volume-based costing system, Activity-Based Costing system (ABC) has increasingly attracted the attention of practitioners and researchers alike as one of the strategic tools to aid managers for better decision making. The benefits of ABC system and its impacts on companies’ performance have motivated numerous empirical studies on ABC system and it is considered as one of the most-researched management accounting areas in developed countries. Previous research on ABC have examined pertinent issues related to ABC implementation such as the levels of ABC adoption in various countries, the reasons for implementing ABC, the problems related to ABC and the critical success factors influencing ABC.…