Absolutism And Conservatism
Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality. Whereas classical liberalism emphasizes the role of liberty, social liberalism stresses the importance of equality. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally they support ideas and programs such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, free markets, civil rights, democratic societies, secular governments, and international cooperation.
Liberalism first became a distinct political movement during the Age of Enlightenment, when it became popular among philosophers and economists in the Western world. Liberalism rejected the prevailing social and political norms of …show more content…
Liberalism started to spread rapidly especially after the French Revolution. The 19th century saw liberal governments established in nations across Europe, South America, and North America.In this period, the dominant ideological opponent of classical liberalism was conservatism, but liberalism later survived major ideological challenges from new opponents, such as fascism and communism. During the 20th century, liberal ideas spread even further as liberal democracies found themselves on the winning side in both world wars. In Europe and North America, the establishment of social liberalism became a key component in the expansion of the welfare state.Today, liberal parties continue to wield power and influence throughout the …show more content…
Liberal theorists reject the Realist presumption that international relations are a zero-sum game, but instead view them as a system of interactions holding the potential for mutual gain. Cooperative and peaceful international behaviors are therefore both possible and desirable. Many Liberals also hold that republican government and democratic capitalism tend toward increasingly harmonious interstate relations, or propound the “democratic peace theory” that liberal democracies are inherently disinclined to make war against each other. Contemporary Liberal scholars of international relations typically pursue research on economic and political inter dependence and non-military sources of power (e.g., economic power and soft power, as well as such subjects as minority rights and free trade issues. Although Liberalism has long argued that economic and political integration produce peace, some scholars have called for offensive military actions against illiberal regimes. Samuel Huntington sees Liberalism as a uniquely European phenomenon and predicts conflict with other civilizations, while Francis Fukuyama has argued that Liberalism represents the final stage in human political evolution.
Liberalism an a theory on international
Liberalism first became a distinct political movement during the Age of Enlightenment, when it became popular among philosophers and economists in the Western world. Liberalism rejected the prevailing social and political norms of …show more content…
Liberalism started to spread rapidly especially after the French Revolution. The 19th century saw liberal governments established in nations across Europe, South America, and North America.In this period, the dominant ideological opponent of classical liberalism was conservatism, but liberalism later survived major ideological challenges from new opponents, such as fascism and communism. During the 20th century, liberal ideas spread even further as liberal democracies found themselves on the winning side in both world wars. In Europe and North America, the establishment of social liberalism became a key component in the expansion of the welfare state.Today, liberal parties continue to wield power and influence throughout the …show more content…
Liberal theorists reject the Realist presumption that international relations are a zero-sum game, but instead view them as a system of interactions holding the potential for mutual gain. Cooperative and peaceful international behaviors are therefore both possible and desirable. Many Liberals also hold that republican government and democratic capitalism tend toward increasingly harmonious interstate relations, or propound the “democratic peace theory” that liberal democracies are inherently disinclined to make war against each other. Contemporary Liberal scholars of international relations typically pursue research on economic and political inter dependence and non-military sources of power (e.g., economic power and soft power, as well as such subjects as minority rights and free trade issues. Although Liberalism has long argued that economic and political integration produce peace, some scholars have called for offensive military actions against illiberal regimes. Samuel Huntington sees Liberalism as a uniquely European phenomenon and predicts conflict with other civilizations, while Francis Fukuyama has argued that Liberalism represents the final stage in human political evolution.
Liberalism an a theory on international