Adolescence Seminar 1 Notes
SEMINAR 1 – STUDY GUIDE
Adolescence Defined pg8 Depends on the factors considered: Physical and sexual development Family relationships Educational rules Social customs Legal codeS
STAGES
Early – 11 to 14 years - Middle – 15 to 18 years Late – 19-22 years
HISTORY
Ancient Greece and Rome Preindustrial Europe 18th Century Europe United States Industrialization 20th Century United States Current Teens
GLOBALIZATION Less Developed Countries Developed Countries Trends
FUTURE Cycle of social changes Impact of education Urbanization HIV/AIDS
THEORY Biological theory G. Stanley Hall Psychoanalytic theories Sigmund Freud Anna Freud Erik Erikson
COGNITIVE THEORIES Piaget – cognitive stages Vygotsky – Social relationships Information Processing – Problem solving
LEARNING & CONDITIONING THEORY Focus on external consequences of actions versus
Social Cognitive theory – focus on role of learning by watching others
SOCIAL & ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES Margaret Mead Ruth Benedict Focus on how adolescence is similar and different across cultures and societies
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES Never final and complete Requires an open mind Systematic and objective Hypothesis testing
TOOLS Representative sample Generalization Research approaches Historical Ethnographic Naturalistic observation Case studies Surveys Interviews
CORRELATIONAL STUDIES How two or more characteristics are related Positive correlation – factors move in same direction Negative correlation – factors move in opposite direction Does not prove cause
EXPERIMENT Independent variable is manipulated or changed. Corresponding change in dependent is observed or measured. Can show a cause and effect relationship
Adolescence Defined pg8 Depends on the factors considered: Physical and sexual development Family relationships Educational rules Social customs Legal codeS
STAGES
Early – 11 to 14 years - Middle – 15 to 18 years Late – 19-22 years
HISTORY
Ancient Greece and Rome Preindustrial Europe 18th Century Europe United States Industrialization 20th Century United States Current Teens
GLOBALIZATION Less Developed Countries Developed Countries Trends
FUTURE Cycle of social changes Impact of education Urbanization HIV/AIDS
THEORY Biological theory G. Stanley Hall Psychoanalytic theories Sigmund Freud Anna Freud Erik Erikson
COGNITIVE THEORIES Piaget – cognitive stages Vygotsky – Social relationships Information Processing – Problem solving
LEARNING & CONDITIONING THEORY Focus on external consequences of actions versus
Social Cognitive theory – focus on role of learning by watching others
SOCIAL & ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES Margaret Mead Ruth Benedict Focus on how adolescence is similar and different across cultures and societies
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES Never final and complete Requires an open mind Systematic and objective Hypothesis testing
TOOLS Representative sample Generalization Research approaches Historical Ethnographic Naturalistic observation Case studies Surveys Interviews
CORRELATIONAL STUDIES How two or more characteristics are related Positive correlation – factors move in same direction Negative correlation – factors move in opposite direction Does not prove cause
EXPERIMENT Independent variable is manipulated or changed. Corresponding change in dependent is observed or measured. Can show a cause and effect relationship