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The case study relates to Mr Brown, who was diagnosed with acute pulmonary oedema secondary to acute renal failure, due to excessive use of opioids. The assignment will address Mr Brown’s initial presentation and assessment, relevant past history, medications and the current assessment finding that had him admitted to the intensive care unit. The patient’s pathology results and drug treatment to correct his electrolyte imbalances will be discussed briefly. The assignment will discuss the effects of age related physiological effects on respiratory, cardiovascular and renal system and lastly the pathophysiology and treatment on opioid toxicity, acute renal failure and acute pulmonary oedema.…
8). It has been shown that prescription opioid abuse is creating an escalating burden on society (Birnbaum, White, Schiller, Waldman, Cleveland & Roland, 2011, p. 662). Opiate addiction as a whole, produces increased health care costs. Costs related to prevention, treatments, and research. There are increased costs of the criminal justice system, correctional facilities and property lost due to crime. Opiate addiction is known to decrease workplace productivity. Not only are there lost wages and excess absenteeism at work, there is also excess disability costs (Birnbaum, et al., 2011, p.…
Opiate addiction is a chronic disease that affects millions of people in the Unites States. This deadly epidemic is one that in most cases requires some form of medical treatment. There are many treatment options available to those struggling with addiction. The three most well-known options are rapid detox, suboxone, and methadone maintenance (Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Addiction Facts for Families and Friends). Though each form of treatment has its own advantages and disadvantages, they all have one common goal; drug freedom. Research has shown that those receiving treatment are nearly twice as likely to achieve their goal of drug freedom (Mayo Clinic).…
the chains of addiction there have been many forms for recovery and treatment made available to…
Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) is and will probably always be a controversial way to treat opiate addiction patients. Some argue that using methadone as a “cure” substitute’s one addiction for another. An analysis of the opiate addiction process reveals that Methadone Maintenance Therapy does more harm than good, by transferring their addiction to methadone, decreasing normal brain functioning, and causing high rates of death in some cases. Since “methadone addiction is more difficult to recover from than heroin or any other narcotic” (Methadoneaddiction), some MMT patients stay on methadone treatment for years leaving them feeling a sense of imprisonment to methadone. “True freedom from drug addiction involves physical detoxification and a program that addresses the mental, emotional, social, and spiritual , H7YN6aspects of drug addiction” (Methadoneaddiction), not a life of dependency.…
Although people have been using and abusing substances for as long as these substances have existed, the study of of addictions with the exception of alcoholism did not really emerge until the 1960's-1970's. Through out the last decade multiple changes to how addiction is viewed have occurred. Due to advances in the medical field and a better understanding of the chemistry of the brain addiction is now viewed as a disease instead of just a lack of morals. Because of the prevalence of wide spread usage of opiods, cocaine, and marijuana in the 60's and 70's more comprehensive research was deemed necessary to not only treat but effectively prevent drug addiction and alcoholism. It was also during this time frame that different classes of substances were created and we see a shift in how drug offenders were handled from the once harsher punishments to required treatment programs.…
In this program the health workers use a long-acting synthetic opiate called Methadone for medication that is given on a daily basis for a maintained period of time, enough to prevent the withdrawal symptoms from the opiate, restrain oneself from the illegal drug, and reduce the desire. Methadone is an opiate transmitter that works by warding off withdrawal symptoms and drug cravings among opiate addicts by stabilizing blood levels and its metabolites. Methadone occupies the brain receptor which blocks the Europhobic and sedating effects of opiates and other substances. At proper doses,…
The midst, eldest and most long-standing substances used for the management of pain and other medical complications is opioids. It is well-known that the naturally occurring opioids (primarily morphine and codeine), the related endogenous opioid-like peptides and synthetic chemical substances have properties that can be indorsed to action that is mediated by binding at the various opioids receptors within the central and peripheral nervous systems. A number of opioids are available for clinical use, including morphine, hydromorphone, levorphanol, oxymorphone, methadone, meperidine, oxycodone, and fentanyl.…
What was once an effective solution for managing chronic pain has become one of the most commonly abused substances in our society, causing the need for a monitored and effective plan for treating chemically dependent individuals and their addiction to opiate’s. Ghodse (2012) stated that addiction to opiates is a disease causing malfunctions of the brain; it has effects on the mind and body requiring a specific medication in the treatment plan, and is recognized as being the most effective. Deaths should only occur from old age; that’s not the case now days and it’s because of this horrible addiction. It’s one of the risks taken from abusing opioids. It’s gotten so bad teenagers are dying from it. Are opiates worth giving your life to? No drug is worth my life! For those that feel it’s impossible to stop, ask a doctor about buprenorphine. It’s what doctor’s use for treating this addiction and acts as an opioid receptor in the brain (Ghodse, 2012). Yeah it’s great there’s a solution to help stop substance abuse, but never using is a lot more effective for your life. Shoenfeld (2012) made it clear that once you start abusing opiates, most require treatment in order to stop…
A recent Cochrane review from 2004 found that methadone treatment is statistically more effective than non-pharmacological approaches in treating patients and the suppressing heroin use. scientific evidence proves that methadone maintenance is an effective treatment for opioid dependent individuals and the program increases HIV prevention (“Methadone as an essential…
Opioid are derived from opium or synthetic drugs that have similar properties. These drugs possess the ability to reduce pain. Using opioids for extended periods of time causes the body to become adapted to them. As a result, the body becomes physically dependent on the drug (Paulozzi, 287). According to the Pennsylvania Medical Society, Americans consume 80% of the world’s opioid supply (“More White, Middle-aged Women Overdose on Opioids, Study Says.”). This number is should be shocking and should signal a red flag. Having such easy access to opioids in the United States explains why drug overdoses have increased so drastically. Opioids are not the only drugs that have caused an increase in drug overdose rates. Heroin overdose rates have almost…
Directly or indirectly, adolescents are affected by substance abuse. Substance use is one of the United States’ leading health problems. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, deaths associated with drug use have “more than doubled since the early 1980s” (www.drugabuse.gov). Substance use addictions are costly to tax payers. Substance use is an overlooked problem and continues to grow. Eliminating the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs is impossible. Never the less it is important to create awareness on the health effects of the abuse of substances among…
Drug addiction is a severe social problem. However, it is a treatable chronic disease which can be successfully managed by combining behavioural therapy with medications. In all medication treatment, we focus on the possible addiction treatments for those opioid addicts refractory to existing treatments. Opioid dependence is usually displayed as heroin dependence. Methadone has been shown to reduce opioid dependence with a high availability and acceptance. However, about a quarter or slightly less of patients do not improve and cannot give up illegal heroin entirely. As a result, they will be exposed to a situation that present risks to their health and lead to social exclusion. Although available clinical evidence on prescribed diacetylmorphine…
Methadone is a very controversial medication, it has been successful in many cases, but it is not a “cure” to addiction. There are also many cases in which the person has evolved into dependency to the methadone as well. Methadone used alone, will NOT be enough to succeed someone’s wanted outcome. If counseling or another type of therapy is also a factor during treatment, the chance’s of a success becomes higher.…
Opiods are prescribed with the intention of helping to reduce/treat serious short term pain, chronic pain, osteoarthritis, and neuropathic pain. Opiods are related to opium, a natural pain-killing substance taken from poppy plants. These drugs are also called narcotics. Opiods come from plants other than poppies and can also be man-made. There are two basic types of opiods, short acting and long acting. Short acting opiods are taken for a short period of time to treat severe or sudden pain that occurs after surgery, fractures, infections, or during labor and childbirth. Long acting opiods are taken for a long period of time for “around the clock” relief of ongoing pain that last more than a few weeks or months. A person who abuses opiods will achieve a feeling of euphoria and relaxation. Many users describe this as a pleasant escape from day-to-day reality, like he/she is floating away from the cares of everyday life. Another term often used is “mellow”, to describe a seemingly inner peace the opiod produces. A person abuses opiods for an extended amount of time will develop a tolerance to the drug and will need to seek out more or higher dosages of the drug to obtain the same effect. When seeking out larger doses, and more of…