Adverbial Clauses
Mona Karimi
Professor Estaji
Adverbial Clauses
An adverb clause modifies a verb. It contains a subject and a verb. As a dependent clause, it cannot stand alone and must connect to an independent or main clause to form a complete sentence. An adverb clause may come before or after the independent clause. When an adverb clause precedes an independent clause, a comma is used to separate the clauses. When the adverb comes after the independent clause, no comma is used. Adverbs indicate such things as why, where, when, and how. Typical adverbs in English are words like “soon”, “here” and “quickly”; adverbial phrases are groups of words used in the same way, such as “on Sunday” or “with compassion”. Likewise, an entire clause — remembers that a clause has a subject and predicate — may have an adverbial function:
John is working so that she will notice him. [why]
John works wherever we want. [where]
Joan works after school is out. [when]
Joan works as rapidly as she can. [how] Conjunctions
Adverbial clauses are introduced by conjunctions. Whether there is a change of subject. If no change of subject is involved and a preposition exists which corresponds to the conjunction, that preposition plus an infinitive is normally used, e.g.: He's saving his money so he can buy a car. The type situation or time in the adverbial clause: in general, if the situation in the adverbial clause is viewed as something hypothetical or anticipated —rather than completed, habitual, or factual— then the subjunctive is required. In contrast, if the adverbial expression deals with something that is viewed as completed, habitual, or factual, the indicative is used. Some adverbial conjunctions by their very nature deal with something hypothetical or anticipated and thus are always followed by the subjunctive; others may take either the subjunctive or the indicative.
I always brush my teeth after we eat. (indicative) I’ll brush my teeth after we eat. (subjunctive)
Adverbial
Professor Estaji
Adverbial Clauses
An adverb clause modifies a verb. It contains a subject and a verb. As a dependent clause, it cannot stand alone and must connect to an independent or main clause to form a complete sentence. An adverb clause may come before or after the independent clause. When an adverb clause precedes an independent clause, a comma is used to separate the clauses. When the adverb comes after the independent clause, no comma is used. Adverbs indicate such things as why, where, when, and how. Typical adverbs in English are words like “soon”, “here” and “quickly”; adverbial phrases are groups of words used in the same way, such as “on Sunday” or “with compassion”. Likewise, an entire clause — remembers that a clause has a subject and predicate — may have an adverbial function:
John is working so that she will notice him. [why]
John works wherever we want. [where]
Joan works after school is out. [when]
Joan works as rapidly as she can. [how] Conjunctions
Adverbial clauses are introduced by conjunctions. Whether there is a change of subject. If no change of subject is involved and a preposition exists which corresponds to the conjunction, that preposition plus an infinitive is normally used, e.g.: He's saving his money so he can buy a car. The type situation or time in the adverbial clause: in general, if the situation in the adverbial clause is viewed as something hypothetical or anticipated —rather than completed, habitual, or factual— then the subjunctive is required. In contrast, if the adverbial expression deals with something that is viewed as completed, habitual, or factual, the indicative is used. Some adverbial conjunctions by their very nature deal with something hypothetical or anticipated and thus are always followed by the subjunctive; others may take either the subjunctive or the indicative.
I always brush my teeth after we eat. (indicative) I’ll brush my teeth after we eat. (subjunctive)
Adverbial