For example, perceived benefits for disengaging in aggressive driving behaviors include: saving from fines caused by running red lights (tangible) and pleasing a family members who are worried about the individual’s safety when he drives. Higher perceived benefits might be associated with lower engagement of the risk behaviors. Interventions that aim to increase perceived benefits of actions of restraining the risk behaviors will increase the likelihood to take the actions.
Perceived barriers are the obstacles that the individual perceived for the actions to reducing their risk behaviors. The perceived barriers for restraining aggressive driving behaviors include: my friends will think I am not cool (tangible), I will be late for my events (tangible), I will be so anger in some situations when I stop dong that (psychological). These tangible or psychological obstacles could impede action to disengage in aggressive driving behaviors. The interventions that target to remove or reduce the perceived barriers could improve the likelihood of people’s action to restrain their risk