In this essay, John M. Barry uses antithesis to display a contrast in his thoughts and the assuming thoughts of the readers. In doing this, the author is not only able to show the readers the different sides of how scientists are perceived by people, but as well as how they actually are in the world of scientific research. The author collates certainty and uncertainty as an example for the readers to view that scientists of the world are just like them. Scientists contain “certainty, [which] creates strength, and uncertainty, [which] creates weakness” (Barry). In using these disparities, Barry is showing the readers that “science teaches us to doubt” (Barry). By elaborating on the concepts of certainty and uncertainty, readers are able to see…
Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists of the twentieth century, received a letter from Phyllis Wright in 1936. In this letter, Phyllis asks Einstein whether or not scientists pray. In his response, Einstein's purpose was not only to answer Phyllis' question, but he wanted to express to the public that everyone has a belief in the unknown, whether it be religion or scientific knowledge. Einstein uses words which mirror those used in religion and a neutral diction, and he structures his letter in a way that makes the reader have to think about the answer for themselves in order to achieve his purpose effectively…
During a passage from the Great Influenza, author John M. Barry discusses the qualifications a scientific researcher must yield in order to be efficient to the field and perform intelligent guesswork. Appealing to inspiring scientists, Barry insists that they have to “manipulate and even force experiments to yield and answer.” Without the ability to work with uncertainty, no work done will be enough to illuminate the subject. Through juxtaposition uncertainty and certainty in this professional field, Barry showcases the classifications of scientists with analogies and metaphors in a catalogue form. Barry begins by promptly identifying the counter argument; how uncertainty is a weakness for a scientist.…
Knowledge, the key to progress, has proven to be a human being’s most powerful and significant weapon. We gain knowledge when we put our brain to work at the problems we need to solve in life. It doesn’t matter what we are trying to accomplish, whether it be creating a new technology or learning how to put together a puzzle, the matter of fact is that both request great examination and research to resolve and learn. Scientific research is a technique used to investigate phenomena, correct previous understanding, and acquire new knowledge. Knowledge could lead us to a possible cure for cancer, an alternative for fossil fuels, and the creation of a revolutionary technology. Nevertheless, all these benefits are a reason why John M. Barry writes about scientific research with admiration, curiosity, and passion in which he blends a use of rhetorical strategies in order to give off an overall perspective of the necessity and mystery within scientific research.…
In the article “Accommodating Science: The Rhetorical Life of Scientific Facts” Jeanne Fahnestock (1998) examines what happens to scientific research when it is translated to appeal to a wider audience. In order to assess what happens to this research, Fahnestock compares “paired communications” (332) – the original research paper and a version that has been interpreted for a wider audience. The evidence these comparisons reveal suggests that facts tend to change in three different ways when translated for a wider audience – through “genre shift”, “statement types” and “stasis theory” (Fahnestock 332).…
Science has evolved over the years. New machines have been invented over the past years which make it easier for scientist and their experiments. John M. Barry author of The Great Influenza specifically targets scientist and their research. He argues that a good scientist knows that there may be doubts, or that their assumptions may be proven wrong but they don’t stop trying.…
Albert Einstein considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century hopes to accurately respond to Phyllis’s letter that asked him whether scientists prayed and if they did what did they pray about. Einstein’s response is rhetorically accurate in the fact that he lets Phyllis know the answer to her question in an understandable manner and is not abrupt. Einstein’s audience is a sixth-grade student so he answered his question by saying “no” in a kind way. The writer Einstein uses pathos and logos to allow his point to clearly shine; he also uses simplistic diction to recreate his audiences understanding.…
Choose a well-known scientific article, film or documentary, dating back no more than 10 years and write a report explaining how it has influenced the public’s perception of science. (P3)…
Rabbi Jonathan Sacks’ The Great Partnership: Science, Religion and the Search for Meaning depicts Sacks’ understanding of the relationship between religion and science. In the first part of the book, Sacks’ differentiates between religion and science and discusses some of the reasons why people believe that science and religion are incompatible. The second part of Sacks’ book is primarily about the importance of religion and the effect on the world if religion was lost. The last and final part of his book goes over some of the major challenges that science and people pose to faith. The main thesis of Sacks’ book is that science and religion are two ways of thinking that are necessary and compatible with one another. According to Sacks’ science…
The Lewis Thomas Prize winner most certainly took advantage of using his own struggles of understanding science to portray how he isn’t so different from his ordinary readers. “When I came to college from my Ohio home town, the most intellectually unnerving thing I discovered was how wrong many of my assumptions were about how the world works—whether the natural or the human-made world” (Gawande 2). He creates a link between the audience and himself via building a sense of relation in which people will be more…
In a letter that Albert Einstein writes, he uses ethos and logos to effectively answer Phyllis Wright’s question on whether scientists pray. In order to achieve this, Einstein first utilizes ethos to give credibility to the answer. He explicitly states that the response is his own opinion by saying “my answer” in the first sentence. This man is considered to be the greatest scientist of the twentieth century and if it is his answer, Wright will be convinced with his response. Also, Wright specifically wrote to him and so when he responds personally, Wright will trust the response because she respects Einstein enough to write to him. Additionally, Einstein successfully employs logos to assist in his purpose to answer the question. For example,…
Barry begins the excerpt by conceptualizing certainty in the minds of scientists. The passage begins with “A scientist must accept the fact that all of his or her work, even beliefs, may break apart upon the sharp edge of a single laboratory finding.” He continues by stating that "certainty creates strength... uncertainty creates weakness" (1-3). By using syntax and parallel structure the author indicates that mental inquiry and understanding of the subject in question is a necessity for the scientist. This contrast of certainty lays the framework for the succeeding paragraphs. The second and third paragraphs build on this assumption by putting forth the basic qualities and describing the difficulties of a scientist and their work. He continues to explain scientists in a metaphor as ones merely existing on the frontier or precipice of technology, taking experimental steps into the unknown which may lead to their downfall. Barry describes the innovation of the scientist as “seeing through the looking glass into a world that seems entirely different”. However, he cautions the formulation of new theories by saying that “science teaches us to…
The public’s attitude towards science is something that is least talked about in our society. Even in schools, teaching students about how scientists communicate with the public is given the least importance. As a result, I think most people who are involved in science disciplines are not sure how to respond when they come across this question.…
“Science contributes moral as well as material blessings to the world. Its great moral contribution is objective, or the scientific point of view. The means doubting everything except facts; it means hewing to the facts, lets the chips fall where they may.” (163)…
The question ““The knower’s perspective is essential in the pursuit of knowledge.” To what extent do you agree?” prompts us to investigate the part knower’s perspective plays in achieving knowledge. This question is particularly interesting because it gives us the opportunity to examine certain people like Albert Einstein whose unique perspective at the time has led to numerous scientific discoveries. Also the question allows us to have a different approach based on the areas of knowledge, giving a large amount of examples to use. The real life examples that will be provided later on in this essay proves that perspective plays a key role in pursuit of…