Alcoholic Behavior Chapter Summary
Chapter 1
1. Jose Delgado is one of the two examples given in the book of lapses in critical thinking. He believed he found a procedure to control aggression. Delgado demonstrated this procedure by placing an electrode in the bull’s brain (in the caudate nucleus) and then as the bull charged he activated the stimulator that sent an electrical current to the electrode. Delgado concluded that the caudate must be a taming center since caudate stimulation stopped the raging bull. There are many reasons why Delgado’s demonstration was not significant. The stimulation could’ve hurt the bull and could’ve caused dizziness or confusion. The second example is Dr. Egas Moniz. Dr. Moniz was awarded the Nobel Prize for developing the prefrontal lobotomy. Prefrontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which connections …show more content…
Converging operations is a single problem or question that can be approached in more than one way. For example, Korsakoff’s syndrome (memory loss) often occurs in alcoholics. It was believed that toxins from the alcohol was the reason for brain damage. It was later discovered that Korsakoff’s syndrome can also be caused by thiamine deficiency, hence converging operations. It was found in malnourished individuals who had little to no alcohol. Another support to converging operations is the experiment that compared thiamine-deficient rats with an identical group of control rats. Now, not only are alcoholics advised to stop consuming alcohol but are treated with large amounts of thiamine.
3. An independent variable is the variable being manipulated, the dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable, and the confound variable is a variable that is not controlled and affects the validity of the experiment. The Coolidge effect states that a copulating male who becomes unable to copulate with one sex partner can start copulating with a new sex partner. It was then questioned if the same went for females. The confound variable was sexual fatigue.
Chapter
1. Jose Delgado is one of the two examples given in the book of lapses in critical thinking. He believed he found a procedure to control aggression. Delgado demonstrated this procedure by placing an electrode in the bull’s brain (in the caudate nucleus) and then as the bull charged he activated the stimulator that sent an electrical current to the electrode. Delgado concluded that the caudate must be a taming center since caudate stimulation stopped the raging bull. There are many reasons why Delgado’s demonstration was not significant. The stimulation could’ve hurt the bull and could’ve caused dizziness or confusion. The second example is Dr. Egas Moniz. Dr. Moniz was awarded the Nobel Prize for developing the prefrontal lobotomy. Prefrontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which connections …show more content…
Converging operations is a single problem or question that can be approached in more than one way. For example, Korsakoff’s syndrome (memory loss) often occurs in alcoholics. It was believed that toxins from the alcohol was the reason for brain damage. It was later discovered that Korsakoff’s syndrome can also be caused by thiamine deficiency, hence converging operations. It was found in malnourished individuals who had little to no alcohol. Another support to converging operations is the experiment that compared thiamine-deficient rats with an identical group of control rats. Now, not only are alcoholics advised to stop consuming alcohol but are treated with large amounts of thiamine.
3. An independent variable is the variable being manipulated, the dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable, and the confound variable is a variable that is not controlled and affects the validity of the experiment. The Coolidge effect states that a copulating male who becomes unable to copulate with one sex partner can start copulating with a new sex partner. It was then questioned if the same went for females. The confound variable was sexual fatigue.
Chapter