Risk factors for placenta accreta are prior c-section and any other uterine surgeries. A presentation of placenta previa plus previous h/o other uterine surgery carries a 4% incidence of placenta accreta. In addition, a history of c-section plus a presentation of placenta previa in current pregnancy is associated with a 10-35% incidence of placenta accreta.(Uptodate) Management of placenta accreta depends on whether uterine preservation is an option or strongly desired. Two thirds of patient with a placenta accreta will require cesarean hysterectomy. Other interventions to achieve hemostasis that are packing lower segment with subsequent vaginal removal of packs in 24 hours and interrupted circular suture of lower uterine segmentation on serosal surface of uterus. If complete placenta accreta is suspected, management includes having at least 4 units of matched blood on hand, an anesthesiologist present in room, and surgical instruments sterile and ready for delivery. Hysterectomy is associated with the highest survival and lowest morbidity rate of the treatments available for placenta accreta. There are three other options that can preserve the uterus. The first option is oversewing defects after placental removal in conjunction with oxytocin and antibiotics. The second option involves localized resection of uterus and repair. The third option entails curettage of the uterine cavity. Alternative management without intervention is to leave the placenta in situ and remove at a later date, around two…
Ms. X delivered a healthy baby boy weighing 6 lb. 2 ounces, with apgar scores of 8 and 9; the patient did well through delivery and during the postoperative stage. No lack of sensation or motor function following discontinuation…
It is therefore important to provide reassurance and communication with the family members around and assure them you will explain everything as soon as the baby is stable (Women’s and Children’s Health Network 2015). In Amira’s situation her father, Hassan, has accompanied her during the transfer to SCBU so it is important to involve him in the care as much as practical and maintain continuous communication (Women’s and Children’s Health Network 2015). When time permits, it can be useful to use supplemental verbal and visual materials to aid in successful communication, visual aids can be especially helpful when there is a language barrier (Meeks, M, et al., 2013). Hassan should be encouraged to ask questions by the midwives caring for Amira if he is unsure about anything such as procedures or the plan for Amira’s care (Women’s and Children’s Health Network…
AGA male born at 39.5 weeks to a 19 year old G1 P1 via SVD, his Apgar scale was 7/9. Mom had a complicated labor with a temperature of 100.7. The mother had a prolonged labor which led to chorioamnionitis. This condition is caused by a bacterial infection that results from bacteria ascending into the uterus. As a result, it can contaminate the amnion the chorion and the amniotic fluid. A CBC count was order for the baby in order to discard any bacterial infection from the chorioamnionitis that affected the mother. At the same time, the delivery was complicated even more for a nuchal cord.…
Approximately 5-10% of children with Edward 's syndrome survive beyond their first year of life, requiring treatments that are appropriate for the various and chronic effects that are associated with the syndrome. Problems related to nervous system abnormalities and muscle tone affect the development of the infant 's motor skills, potentially resulting in scoliosis and crossed eyes. Forms of surgical intervention might be limited due to the child 's cardiac…
Spina Bifida is one of the most common birth defects in the world. According to N. Scott Adzick, MD, and other members of CHOP's Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment team, it occurs when the spinal cord does not properly close before birth. That means that the spinal cord is exposed to amniotic fluid during fetal life. Amniotic fluid is the watery fluid within the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo and surrounds the fetus throughout pregnancy. Amniotic fluid is also what cushions the fetus protecting it from injury, providing freedom of fetal movements, helping maintain the fetal oxygen supply and helping stabilize temperature. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma. In addition to providing the fetus with physical protection, as the fetus develops, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urine are deposited in this fluid. Amniotic fluid itself is clear. Diana Farmer, MD, Division Chief of UCSF Pediatric Surgery and Professor of Clinical Surgery for the UCSF Fetal Treatment Center says “We know that exposure to amniotic fluid can cause further damage to the spinal cord. So our goal is to try to treat these fetuses before birth so that we can improve the outcome for babies with Spina Bifida.”…
After the Seven Year’s War in Ohio Country no one could have predicted that the next two decades would bring such dramatic change to the Britain’s mainland. After France was removed from the North Americans it created a huge debt that Britain had to find means to pay back, which caused a major change for Britain after 1963. The American Revolution was precipitated, in part, by a series of laws passed between 1764 and 1774 that regulating trade and taxes. This legislation caused tensions between colonists and imperial officials. The end of the war had also brought a recession, and British merchants began to ask for payment for debts that colonists had incurred buying British imports.…
Microtia is an ear deformity where “one ear is affected (unilateral Microtia) but in about 10 percent of cases, both ears are affected (bilateral Microtia). Approximately one in 6,000 to 8,000 babies are born with Microtia. “(Cedars-Sinai, 2012)…
Imagine giving birth to a beautiful, healthy looking, baby girl and holding her in your arms for the first time. Now imagine a doctor telling you that this little miracle has a possible life threatening congenital heart defect. I can because this happened to me. My daughter suffers from three different congenital heart defects. According to the American Medical Association Family Medical Guide, about 8 out of every 1,000 children are born with heart abnormalities, or congenital heart defects.( AMAFMG p. 389) The 4 most recurring defects are Pulmonary Stenosis, Aortic Stenosis, Atrial Septal Defect and Ventricular Septal Defect. ( Radiologic Technology 2008)…
Congenital malformation/anomalies can be defined as a physical defect that is present in a baby from birth. It can involve many different systems of the body including central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal system, genitourinary system and reproductive system. These may include brain malformations, facial abnormalities, skin malformations, congenital heart diseases and bones malformations. These malformations are due to underlying genetic etiologies. The reported malformations included corpus callosum dysplasia for brain, cutaneous dyschromia for skin, ear malformations and brachydactyly for skeletal malformations. Caramaschi E, et al reported malformations and dysmorphism as predictors in which they defined malformation as major organ anomalies including the heart and genitourinary system29. However, they did not define the dysmorphisms.…
Limb lengthening surgery is a safe and highly effective method for correcting limb length discrepancies caused by congenital disorders, bone infections, or traumatic injury. Children, however, need special care and help in preparing for and recovering from any surgical procedure. Here are four ways that parents can support their children through the limb lengthening process.…
In a study, “Melnick and Myranthopoulos reviewed auricular deformities and associated anomalies in a series of 56,000 pregnancies in an ethnically diverse population (Caucasian 46%, African American 46%, Latino 8%), commenting on the incidence of anomalies and the embryogenesis and etiopathology of the varying deformities” (Lin, 2011). They found that microtia occurred in every 3 in 10,000 births. Microtia occurs in 1 per 900 to 1200 Navjo children and 1 in 4000 Japanese births (Fuller, Pimentel & Peregoy, 2011, 330).…
More than 10,000 children around the world were born with major malformations, many missing arms and legs, because their mothers had taken the drug during early pregnancy. Mothers who had taken the drug when arms and legs were beginning to form had babies with a widely varying but recognizable pattern of limb deformities. The most well-known pattern, absence of most of the arm with the hands extending flipper-like from the shoulders, is called phocomelia. Another frequent arm malformation called radial aplasia was absence of the thumb and the adjoining bone in the lower arm. Similar limb malformations occurred in the lower extremities. The affected babies almost always had both sides affected and often had both the arms and the legs malformed. In addition to the limbs, the drug caused malformations of the eyes and ears, heart, genitals, kidneys, digestive tract, and nervous system. Thalidomide was recognized as a powerful human teratogen (a drug or other agent that causes abnormal development in the embryo or fetus). Taking even a single dose of thalidomide during early pregnancy may cause major birth defects.…
Congenital heart defects in children are frightening conditions that are yet to be understood fully by cardiologists (Mayo Clinic). Ranging from a benign murmur to complete cardiac arrest, congenital heart defects are important disorders to be educated about (Fulton). Because of the potential severity of these illnesses, one should understand what is thought to cause this, forms of it, the risk involved, precautionary measures, and what the prognosis is. By having a comprehensive view on the topic, parents, teachers, health care professionals, and day care providers can have the knowledge to recognize signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects in children and treat them accordingly (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). By having a well-rounded view of this condition, prevention and action can be taken (Fulton).…
It is estimated that there are 10 000 to 12 000 new cases of FAS babies born annually, constituting the single most common serious birth defect (Kibel p.71)…