Ireland, T. O., & Smith, C. A. (2009). Living in partner-violent families: Developmental links to antisocial behavior and relationship violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(3), 323-339.
Researchers want to investigate antisocial consequences of adolescent exposure to interparental violence while participating adolescence are facing adulthood. The hypothesis of this research is that exposure to interparent violence does develop risk for negative outcomes. Researchers also expect that the distribution of partner-violent homes and severe partner-violent homes within urban community sample will be at the high end of the reported range. Secondly the researchers predict that the exposure to interparental violence …show more content…
Researchers predict that exclusionary security measures are common in school where poor and non-white students attend. The research design used in this study was the nationally representative school - level data. The research method consisted of school surveys on crime and safety. The dependent variables in this study are police officers and the independent variables are racial/ethnic minority and low-income composition of schools. The dependent variable is operationalized is by having police officers in the school full time to make sure the enviornment is safe. The independent variable is operationalized by ethnicity/minority and low income to measure the total number of incidents and behaviors within crime. The population of this study consisted of 2,720 schools within various regions and various school characteristics. Researchers found that while security measures are ubiquitous in United States high schools, that are considered more exclusionary are contracted in elementary,middle, and high schools attended by non-white and poor …show more content…
The researchers hypothesized that stronger ethnic identification will predict higher perceived discrimination by the police. The research design used in this study was a on-going longitudinal study of juvinelle offenders. This study consisted of interviews that covered background, characteristics, indicators of individual context, personal relationships, and community context. The dependent variable was direct contact. This consisted of individuals having direct experiences with the police using fourteen items to assess the individuals. The independent variable was respondent characteristics. They operationalized the independent variable by participants gender, age, adults present in the home and level of mothers education were used as covarties in the analysis. The population of this study consisted of 1,354 adjudicated youth that were 14 to 18 years old. This population of youth were from juvenile and adult court system. 556 were African American youth. The results from this study showed that youth with stranger sense of ethnic identity perceived more police discrimination, but reported more positive beliefs about police