A N N A L S O F T H E N E W Y O R K A C A D E M Y O F SC I E N C E S
Issue: Social Neuroscience: Gene, Environment, Brain, Body
Social isolation
John T. Cacioppo,1 Louise C. Hawkley,1 Greg J. Norman,1 and Gary G. Berntson2
1 Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 2 Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Address for correspondence: John T. Cacioppo, Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5848 S. University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. Cacioppo@uchicago.edu
Social species, by definition, form organizations that extend beyond the individual. These structures evolved hand in hand with behavioral, …show more content…
House, J.S., K.R. Landis & D. Umberson. 1988. Social relationships and health. Science (New York, N.Y.) 241: 540–545. 2. Holt-Lunstad, J., T.B. Smith & J.B. Layton. 2010. Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. PLoS Med. 7: e1000316. 3. Umberson, D. 1987. Family status and health behaviors: social control as a dimension of social integration. J. Health Soc. Behav. 28: 306–319. 4. Umberson, D. 1992. Gender, marital status and the social control of health behavior. Soc. Sci. Med. 34: 907–917. 5. Pettee, K. et al. 2006. Influence of marital status on physical activity levels among older adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 38: 541–546. 6. Satariano, W. 2002. Living arrangements and participation in leisure-time physical activities in an older population. J. Aging Health 14: 427–451. 7. Schmitz, K. 1997. Correlates of changes in leisure time physical activity over 2 years: the healthy worker project. Prev. Med. 26: 570–579. 8. Umberson, D. 1987. Family status and health behaviors: social control as a dimension of social integration. J. Health Soc. Behav. 28: 306–319. 9. Umberson, D. 1992. Gender, marital status and the social control of health behavior. Soc. Sci. Med. (1982) 34: 907– 917. 10. Hawkley, L.C., R.A. Thisted & J.T. Cacioppo. 2009. …show more content…
Adam, E.K. et al. 2006. Day-to-day dynamics of experience– cortisol associations in a population-based sample of older adults. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103: 17058–17063. 30. Cacioppo, J.T. et al. 2002. Do lonely days invade the nights? Potential social modulation of sleep efficiency. Psychol. Sci. 13: 384–387. 31. Hawkley, L.C. R.A. Thisted & J.T. Cacioppo. 2009. Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses. Health Psychol. 28: 354–363. 32. Cole, S.W. et al. 2007. Social regulation of gene expression in human leukocytes. Genome Biol. 8: R189.1–13. 33. Cole, S.W. 2008. Social regulation of leukocyte homeostasis: the role of glucocorticoid sensitivity. Brain Behav. Immun. 22: 1049–1055. 34. Steptoe, A. et al. 2004. Loneliness and neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and inflammatory stress responses in middleaged men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29: 593– 611. 35. Wilson, R.S. et al. 2007. Loneliness and risk of Alzheimer disease. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 64: 234–240. 36. Gow, A.J. et al. 2007. Social support and successful aging: investigating the relationship between lifetime cognitive change and life satisfaction. J. Individ. Differences 28: 103–115. 37. Cacioppo, J.T. et al. 2006. Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychol. Aging 21: 140–151. 38. Cacioppo, J.T., L.C. Hawkley & R.A. Thisted. 2010. Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged