Ap Euro All Notes
Unit 1:
Renaissance and Reformation
The Renaissance * Approximate dates: 1375 (death of Petrarch) – 1527 (sacking of Rome) * The Renaissance is highlighted by: * a rediscovery of classical learning (Greek and Roman) * beginning of science * increased diplomacy * increased secularism * new belief in the individual * Secularism: never rejects Christianity, however, rejects Church’s domination and emphasizes man’s capabilities * Begins in Italy because of: * geographical location, which allows for trade and passage of new ideas * advantages of city-states: no overseeing power allows intellectuals to embrace humanism * rich, such as Lorenzo de Medici of Florence, become patrons of the arts * Diplomacy: because of intense rivalries between city-states, the art of diplomacy is developed, including embassies in other cities * Condotteri: mercenaries, dangerous b/c they have no loyalties * Characteristics of the Renaissance: * well-rounded (“Renaissance man”), able to do many things well * Castiglione’s Book of the Courtier * individualism * critical thinking * Humanism * the elevation of man and his position (unlike the Church) * rediscovery of ancient manuscripts * Scholars such as Petrarch, Dante, and Boccaccio read and wrote Roman works in Latin * Greek wasn’t read until after fall of Constantinople (1453), when ancient Greek works began to come to Italy * civic humanism: responsibility to participate in government * critical thinking
Renaissance Art * Elements of Renaissance Art: * man/people are the measurement of all things * paintings exist in the natural world and display human emotions * have a greater rational order and symmetry (linear perspective) * lines all meet perpendicular to the picture plane (vanishing point) * use of shading
Renaissance and Reformation
The Renaissance * Approximate dates: 1375 (death of Petrarch) – 1527 (sacking of Rome) * The Renaissance is highlighted by: * a rediscovery of classical learning (Greek and Roman) * beginning of science * increased diplomacy * increased secularism * new belief in the individual * Secularism: never rejects Christianity, however, rejects Church’s domination and emphasizes man’s capabilities * Begins in Italy because of: * geographical location, which allows for trade and passage of new ideas * advantages of city-states: no overseeing power allows intellectuals to embrace humanism * rich, such as Lorenzo de Medici of Florence, become patrons of the arts * Diplomacy: because of intense rivalries between city-states, the art of diplomacy is developed, including embassies in other cities * Condotteri: mercenaries, dangerous b/c they have no loyalties * Characteristics of the Renaissance: * well-rounded (“Renaissance man”), able to do many things well * Castiglione’s Book of the Courtier * individualism * critical thinking * Humanism * the elevation of man and his position (unlike the Church) * rediscovery of ancient manuscripts * Scholars such as Petrarch, Dante, and Boccaccio read and wrote Roman works in Latin * Greek wasn’t read until after fall of Constantinople (1453), when ancient Greek works began to come to Italy * civic humanism: responsibility to participate in government * critical thinking
Renaissance Art * Elements of Renaissance Art: * man/people are the measurement of all things * paintings exist in the natural world and display human emotions * have a greater rational order and symmetry (linear perspective) * lines all meet perpendicular to the picture plane (vanishing point) * use of shading