AP Euro notes ch 1
0Chapter 25 Outline:
The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution
I. The Road to World War I
Notes
A Nationalism and Internal Dissent
B Nation-States caused conflict instead of companionship
i. Intended to unite nations ii. Rivalries over colonial and commercial interests
C Crooked Actions
i. Governments avoiding war being punished, instigators seen as heroes ii. Allies/Enemies were formed iii. Each nation-state thought of themselves as individuals
D Self-Segregation
i. “Not all ethnic groups had achieved the goal of nationhood.” ii. Minorities wanted to create their own nation-states
E Mini-summary: The nation-state idea was thought up with the intention of unifying Europe, but ended up putting the different states and ethnicities against each other in a battle for power and domination.
F Militarism
G Large army growth after 1900
i. Conscription – regular practice in Western countries with US/Britain being big exceptions
H Russia had the largest army
i. 1.3 million men
I France, Germany, Britain, Italy, and Austria with many soldiers as well
J Oversized militaries + power-hungry leaders = chaos
K Mini-summary: The steady growth of number of all the nation's military men was causing an uproar, causing military leaders to mobilize more men and create new plans.
L The Outbreak of War: The Summer of 1914
M Rivalry between Austria-Hungary and Russia
i. Domination issues ii. Tensions iii. Mistrust/Hatred
N Crisis: 1908-1913
O Association of Austria Archduke and his wife assassinated at the same time
i. Francis Ferdinand, December 18, 1863 – June 28, 1914 ii. Sophia Ferdinand, March 1, 1868 – June 28, 1914
P Austrian leaders were backed up by Germany, Serbia was backed up but Russia
i. Tensions between even more countries grew
Q Ultimatum
i. Austria to Serbia ii. Serbia's demands so high that Austria refused to fulfill all of them
R Austria issued war on Serbia – July 28
S Germany issued war with Russia –
The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution
I. The Road to World War I
Notes
A Nationalism and Internal Dissent
B Nation-States caused conflict instead of companionship
i. Intended to unite nations ii. Rivalries over colonial and commercial interests
C Crooked Actions
i. Governments avoiding war being punished, instigators seen as heroes ii. Allies/Enemies were formed iii. Each nation-state thought of themselves as individuals
D Self-Segregation
i. “Not all ethnic groups had achieved the goal of nationhood.” ii. Minorities wanted to create their own nation-states
E Mini-summary: The nation-state idea was thought up with the intention of unifying Europe, but ended up putting the different states and ethnicities against each other in a battle for power and domination.
F Militarism
G Large army growth after 1900
i. Conscription – regular practice in Western countries with US/Britain being big exceptions
H Russia had the largest army
i. 1.3 million men
I France, Germany, Britain, Italy, and Austria with many soldiers as well
J Oversized militaries + power-hungry leaders = chaos
K Mini-summary: The steady growth of number of all the nation's military men was causing an uproar, causing military leaders to mobilize more men and create new plans.
L The Outbreak of War: The Summer of 1914
M Rivalry between Austria-Hungary and Russia
i. Domination issues ii. Tensions iii. Mistrust/Hatred
N Crisis: 1908-1913
O Association of Austria Archduke and his wife assassinated at the same time
i. Francis Ferdinand, December 18, 1863 – June 28, 1914 ii. Sophia Ferdinand, March 1, 1868 – June 28, 1914
P Austrian leaders were backed up by Germany, Serbia was backed up but Russia
i. Tensions between even more countries grew
Q Ultimatum
i. Austria to Serbia ii. Serbia's demands so high that Austria refused to fulfill all of them
R Austria issued war on Serbia – July 28
S Germany issued war with Russia –