The Reformation of the 16th century had divided the rest of Europe broadly into Catholic and Protestant. By breaking the moral, intellectual and political grip of the Roman Catholic Church, the Reformation made possible new forms of government and gave people a choice of religion. In England, the costs of having a choice included civil war between
the Catholic Stuarts, who believed in the divine right of kings, and the Puritan parliament, who believed the king should obey not dictate the law. Although Protestantism spread rapidly, Catholics remained in the majority.