Ap Psychology Midterm
1. Which was a fundamental problem with behaviorism?
a. Not all learning comes from direct rewards
b. Operant conditioning was not a valid form of learning
c. Behaviorist methods were subjective
d. None of the above
2. Which learning mechanism is based on rewarding and punishing voluntary behavior?
a. Classical Conditioning
b. Constructivism
c. Rehearsal
d. Operant conditioning
3. Which psychological theory maintains that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?
a. Associationism
b. Behaviorism
c. Gestalt psychology
d. Psychoanalytic psychology
4. The goal of structuralism was to understand the "content" of the mind by
a. synthesizing constituent parts of perceptions.
b. analyzing perceptions into their constituent …show more content…
parts.
c. observing responses to various stimuli.
d. evaluating other schools of thought to provide a "structure" for the new movement.
5. Adrian has Alzheimer’s Disease and has a difficult time with his memory. The doctors say that his memory difficulties in part are due to the low levels of __________.
a. Acetylcholine
b. Dopamine
c. Dratonin
d. Serotonin
6. The landmark experiment in which dogs salivate at the sight of the person who feeds them provides an example of
a. classically conditioned learning.
b. instrumental learning.
c. social learning.
d. physiological psychology.
7. Ecological validity refers to the degree to which lab data hold true when altered to account for:
a. Ecological differences between the lab and the outside environment
b. The degree to which data gathered in the lab will apply outside the lab, given the influences of the environment on cognitive activity
c. The accuracy of predictions of how test subjects will react when placed in an environment with different ecological relationships
d. The effect of ecological changes on the behavior of organisms in the particular environment
8. Every individual in the population of interest has an equal chance of being selected for an experiment. This is the purpose of:
a. Representative sample
b. Single-subject design
c. Random sample
d. Systematic sampling
9. What symptoms would a patient with damage to the medulla oblongata area of the hindbrain demonstrate?
a. The patient might be experiencing short-term and long-term memory loss
b. The patient might not be able to sense pain
c. The patient might display irregular aggression patterns
d. The patient might experience heartbeat irregularity and possible breathing problems
10. Yaun participated in an experiment in which he saw various stimuli on a computer screen. After the experiment, Yaun was to provide feedback about what he thought was going on cognitively. This would be an example of
a. naturalistic observation
b. individual observation
c. case study
d. self-report
11. Sandy has a number of electrodes attached to her head. She is probably about tot participate in a study involving the use of
a. fMRI
b. PET
c. ERPs
d. CT Scan
12. The key feature of experimental research that differentiates it from non-experimental approaches is
a. Ecological Validity
b. Introspection
c. Correlation
d. Control
13. Signals between neurons occur when these chemical messengers transmit information from one neuron to the next across the synaptic gap.
a. Synapse
b. Hormones
c. Neurobinders
d. Neurotransmitters
14. Sonia lays in a hospital bed unable to wakeup. Scans of her brain show damage to the _____________ which is important for regulating overall level of consciousness/arousal.
a. Corpus callosum
b. White matter
c. Reticular activating system
d. Frontal cortex
15. The ______ is responsible for the formation of new memories.
a. Thalamus
b. Hippocampus
c. Hypothalamus
d. Aphasia
16. The corpus callosum serves to
a. Make certain contralateral transmissions ipsilateral
b. Regulate the transmission of information along the cerebral cortex
c. Allow transmission of information between the left and right hemispheres
d. Transmit information from the left and right hemispheres to the spinal cord
17. The limbic system is responsible for
a. Memory retrieval
b. Relaying sensory information
c. Motor information
d. Emotion, motivation, and learning
18. The main functions of the temporal and occipital lobes, respectively, are
a. Visual processing and auditory processing
b. Execution of movement and sensing texture
c. Auditory processing and visual processing
d. Somatosensory processing and visual processing
19. The school of thought that focuses on answering the question of “What do people do and why do they do it?” is called
a. Functionalism
b. Gestaltism
c. Structuralism
d. Psychoanalysis
20. These cells in the brain transmit electrical signals from one location to another in the nervous system
a. Amygdala
b. Dopamine receptor
c. Neuron
d. Metabolic
21. Which of the following is a term for an impulse that occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body
a. Neurotransmitter
b. Schwann signal
c. Action potential
d. Myelin
22. This part of the hindbrain is responsible for coordination, balance, and muscle tone, and also includes memory related to procedural movements.
a. Hypothalamus
b. Amygdala
c. Septum
d. Cerebellum
23. This particular neuroimaging technique is able to look at changes in the brain over time by looking at increases in oxygen consumption to produce an image of the brain.
a. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
b. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
c. Position Emission Tomography (PET)
d. ERPs
24. This particular neurotransmitter is associated with attention, reward and reinforcement, learning, and motivation.
a. Acetylcholine
b. Dopamine
c. GABA
d. Serotonin
25. This particular neurotransmitter is important for regulating impulsivity and is associated with eating behavior, and aggressive behavior.
a. Acetylcholine
b. Dopamine
c. GABA
d. Serotonin
26. This neurotransmitter is present in interneurons, is primarily inhibitory, and is involved in learning and memory
a. Glutamate
b. GABA
c. Epinephrine
d. Norepinephrine
27. This technique of studying the living brain is based on examining the recording of the electrical frequencies and intensities of the brain over time.
a. Electrical Recording Technique (ERT)
b. Lobotomy
c. Electroencephalograms (EEGs)
d. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
28. ___________ refers to transmission of information to the opposite side, whereas ________ refers to transmission to the same side.
a. Contralateral; Ipsilateral
b. Occipital; Frontal
c. Ipsilateral; Contralateral
d. Parietal; Temporal
29. A researcher conducts an observational study in which he/she notices a relationship between ice cream sales and the number of drownings per month. A skeptical reviewer comes along and points out that the researcher has not considered the _________________ of temperature, which is related both to ice cream sales and to increases in swimming, and is likely the source of the relationship.
a. Confounding variable
b. Independent variable
c.
Dependent variable
d. None of the above
A researcher is interested in the effects of a reading intervention on child’s language production. The researcher recruits a group of children to participate. Half of the children receive the reading intervention, and half of the children do not. Children are approximately the same age and are matched for socio-economic status.
30. Children’s language production is an example of a(n):
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Control variable
d. Control group
31. The reading intervention is the:
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Control variable
d. Control group
32. Children’s age and socio-economic status are examples of:
a. Independent variables
b. Dependent variables
c. Control variables
d. Control groups
33. These are transmitters synthesized by the nervous system via enzymatic actions on one of the amino acids.
a. Amino-acids
b. Monoamines
c. Neuropeptides
d. Receptors
34. Visual information travels from the optic nerve to the visual cortex via the
a. Medial geniculate nucleus
b. Ventro-posterior nucleus
c. Lateral geniculate nucleus
d. Ventro-lateral nucleus
1. a
2. d
3. c
4. b
5. a
6. a
7. b
8. c
9.
d
10. d
11. c
12. d
13. d
14. c
15. b
16. c
17. d
18. c
19. a
20. c
21. c
22. d
23. a
24. b
25. d
26. b
27. c
28. a
29. a
30. b
31. a
32. c
33. b
34. c
a. Not all learning comes from direct rewards
b. Operant conditioning was not a valid form of learning
c. Behaviorist methods were subjective
d. None of the above
2. Which learning mechanism is based on rewarding and punishing voluntary behavior?
a. Classical Conditioning
b. Constructivism
c. Rehearsal
d. Operant conditioning
3. Which psychological theory maintains that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?
a. Associationism
b. Behaviorism
c. Gestalt psychology
d. Psychoanalytic psychology
4. The goal of structuralism was to understand the "content" of the mind by
a. synthesizing constituent parts of perceptions.
b. analyzing perceptions into their constituent …show more content…
parts.
c. observing responses to various stimuli.
d. evaluating other schools of thought to provide a "structure" for the new movement.
5. Adrian has Alzheimer’s Disease and has a difficult time with his memory. The doctors say that his memory difficulties in part are due to the low levels of __________.
a. Acetylcholine
b. Dopamine
c. Dratonin
d. Serotonin
6. The landmark experiment in which dogs salivate at the sight of the person who feeds them provides an example of
a. classically conditioned learning.
b. instrumental learning.
c. social learning.
d. physiological psychology.
7. Ecological validity refers to the degree to which lab data hold true when altered to account for:
a. Ecological differences between the lab and the outside environment
b. The degree to which data gathered in the lab will apply outside the lab, given the influences of the environment on cognitive activity
c. The accuracy of predictions of how test subjects will react when placed in an environment with different ecological relationships
d. The effect of ecological changes on the behavior of organisms in the particular environment
8. Every individual in the population of interest has an equal chance of being selected for an experiment. This is the purpose of:
a. Representative sample
b. Single-subject design
c. Random sample
d. Systematic sampling
9. What symptoms would a patient with damage to the medulla oblongata area of the hindbrain demonstrate?
a. The patient might be experiencing short-term and long-term memory loss
b. The patient might not be able to sense pain
c. The patient might display irregular aggression patterns
d. The patient might experience heartbeat irregularity and possible breathing problems
10. Yaun participated in an experiment in which he saw various stimuli on a computer screen. After the experiment, Yaun was to provide feedback about what he thought was going on cognitively. This would be an example of
a. naturalistic observation
b. individual observation
c. case study
d. self-report
11. Sandy has a number of electrodes attached to her head. She is probably about tot participate in a study involving the use of
a. fMRI
b. PET
c. ERPs
d. CT Scan
12. The key feature of experimental research that differentiates it from non-experimental approaches is
a. Ecological Validity
b. Introspection
c. Correlation
d. Control
13. Signals between neurons occur when these chemical messengers transmit information from one neuron to the next across the synaptic gap.
a. Synapse
b. Hormones
c. Neurobinders
d. Neurotransmitters
14. Sonia lays in a hospital bed unable to wakeup. Scans of her brain show damage to the _____________ which is important for regulating overall level of consciousness/arousal.
a. Corpus callosum
b. White matter
c. Reticular activating system
d. Frontal cortex
15. The ______ is responsible for the formation of new memories.
a. Thalamus
b. Hippocampus
c. Hypothalamus
d. Aphasia
16. The corpus callosum serves to
a. Make certain contralateral transmissions ipsilateral
b. Regulate the transmission of information along the cerebral cortex
c. Allow transmission of information between the left and right hemispheres
d. Transmit information from the left and right hemispheres to the spinal cord
17. The limbic system is responsible for
a. Memory retrieval
b. Relaying sensory information
c. Motor information
d. Emotion, motivation, and learning
18. The main functions of the temporal and occipital lobes, respectively, are
a. Visual processing and auditory processing
b. Execution of movement and sensing texture
c. Auditory processing and visual processing
d. Somatosensory processing and visual processing
19. The school of thought that focuses on answering the question of “What do people do and why do they do it?” is called
a. Functionalism
b. Gestaltism
c. Structuralism
d. Psychoanalysis
20. These cells in the brain transmit electrical signals from one location to another in the nervous system
a. Amygdala
b. Dopamine receptor
c. Neuron
d. Metabolic
21. Which of the following is a term for an impulse that occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body
a. Neurotransmitter
b. Schwann signal
c. Action potential
d. Myelin
22. This part of the hindbrain is responsible for coordination, balance, and muscle tone, and also includes memory related to procedural movements.
a. Hypothalamus
b. Amygdala
c. Septum
d. Cerebellum
23. This particular neuroimaging technique is able to look at changes in the brain over time by looking at increases in oxygen consumption to produce an image of the brain.
a. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
b. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
c. Position Emission Tomography (PET)
d. ERPs
24. This particular neurotransmitter is associated with attention, reward and reinforcement, learning, and motivation.
a. Acetylcholine
b. Dopamine
c. GABA
d. Serotonin
25. This particular neurotransmitter is important for regulating impulsivity and is associated with eating behavior, and aggressive behavior.
a. Acetylcholine
b. Dopamine
c. GABA
d. Serotonin
26. This neurotransmitter is present in interneurons, is primarily inhibitory, and is involved in learning and memory
a. Glutamate
b. GABA
c. Epinephrine
d. Norepinephrine
27. This technique of studying the living brain is based on examining the recording of the electrical frequencies and intensities of the brain over time.
a. Electrical Recording Technique (ERT)
b. Lobotomy
c. Electroencephalograms (EEGs)
d. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
28. ___________ refers to transmission of information to the opposite side, whereas ________ refers to transmission to the same side.
a. Contralateral; Ipsilateral
b. Occipital; Frontal
c. Ipsilateral; Contralateral
d. Parietal; Temporal
29. A researcher conducts an observational study in which he/she notices a relationship between ice cream sales and the number of drownings per month. A skeptical reviewer comes along and points out that the researcher has not considered the _________________ of temperature, which is related both to ice cream sales and to increases in swimming, and is likely the source of the relationship.
a. Confounding variable
b. Independent variable
c.
Dependent variable
d. None of the above
A researcher is interested in the effects of a reading intervention on child’s language production. The researcher recruits a group of children to participate. Half of the children receive the reading intervention, and half of the children do not. Children are approximately the same age and are matched for socio-economic status.
30. Children’s language production is an example of a(n):
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Control variable
d. Control group
31. The reading intervention is the:
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Control variable
d. Control group
32. Children’s age and socio-economic status are examples of:
a. Independent variables
b. Dependent variables
c. Control variables
d. Control groups
33. These are transmitters synthesized by the nervous system via enzymatic actions on one of the amino acids.
a. Amino-acids
b. Monoamines
c. Neuropeptides
d. Receptors
34. Visual information travels from the optic nerve to the visual cortex via the
a. Medial geniculate nucleus
b. Ventro-posterior nucleus
c. Lateral geniculate nucleus
d. Ventro-lateral nucleus
1. a
2. d
3. c
4. b
5. a
6. a
7. b
8. c
9.
d
10. d
11. c
12. d
13. d
14. c
15. b
16. c
17. d
18. c
19. a
20. c
21. c
22. d
23. a
24. b
25. d
26. b
27. c
28. a
29. a
30. b
31. a
32. c
33. b
34. c