Ap World History Chapter 24 Summary

In Chapter 24 there are plenty main topics that are discussed. It looks back on Liberty and Political Theory, The birth of the Economic Theory, The Philosophes, The Crusade for Progress, and the Enlightenment Literature. This Chapter goes through the Philosophes that were the intellectual activity gathered in salons to exchange views on morality, politics, science and religion. The two philosophes that advanced the idea of government based on the social contract were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. While Hobbes believed that this was a bond between individuals who surrendered a portion of their freedom to authorities Locke saw otherwise (152). He believed that the government should be based off of the people instead of it being ruled by one person.
Hobbes thought of people as being selfish, greedy, and warlike and felt as if they were going to destroy society all together if it was ruled by them.
Locke had an impact on Jefferson and Montesquieu. They applied Lock’s views on natural law to political theory and practice, the basics which are in America’s Declaration of Independence to this day (152). The encyclopedia had a huge impact on the eighteenth-century culture. Even though a lot of people couldn’t read it or even understand it, it gave them the knowledge in response to the Scientific Revolution. It influenced the urbanization and the rising middle class and also led to the passions, and emotions tied to writings. When it came to the Enlightenment Alexander pope (1688-1744) was the greatest poet of the eighteenth century. His poets were his choice of the heroic couplet reflected his commitment to the fundamental of balance and order. During this first chapter The Enlightenment: The promise of Reason gives you an opportunity to see how the eighteenth-century first started off. It had many great philosophes and also people that have impacted us still in this day and
time.
Chapter 25
In The Limits of Reason we first talk about the Industrial Revolution. Around this time there were a lot of inventions that were taking place. You had the “flying shuttle” which was invented by John Kay and James Hargreaves who invented the “spinning jenny”. This was a time where the inventions and new technology was contributed to the Industrial Revolution. What took a toll on us during the Industrial Revolution was the Slave Trade. It began in the fifteenth century and flushed all the way to the mid-nineteenth century. Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography was a key example of the popular slave trade genre that protested the trade in African Slaves that persisted throughout the eighteenth century. Rousseau took some of the basic percepts of Enlightenment thought. He came up with the idea that the progress of arts and sciences might just improve the human conduct. “Human beings may be good by nature, but they are ultimately corrupted by society and its institutions”. He felt like if it wasn’t for the society we wouldn’t act the way we do nor would we allow the government to control us. Philosopher Immanuel Kant argued that human beings have the knowledge of the world through certain innate capabilities of mind. He also appealed to “good will” as the basis for moral action. Kant gave the role of the mind in constructing our idea of the world laid the basis for transcendental idealism, the doctrine that holds the reality consist of the mind and its forms of perception and understanding. When it comes to the American Revolution, a time as early as the 1776, the thirteen colonies had rebelled against the British Government. The British political theorists Thomas Paine proclaimed that the revolution had done more enlightened the world and diffuse a spirit of freedom among humankind