Marc Lynch defines the 2011 Arab uprisings as “an exceptionally rapid, intense, and nearly simultaneous explosions of popular protest across an Arab world united by shared transnational media and bound by a common identity” (Lynch, 9). In his book The Arab Uprising: The Unfinished Revolutions of the New Middle East, he sets out to put the events of the Arab uprising into perspective and to create a guide for the new Middle East. He does so pragmatically and theoretically but dismisses popular theories of international relations as outdated for the new Middle East. Throughout the book, Lynch emphasizes the significance and importance of the new Arab public sphere and media environment in uniting local protests into a regional popular movement. The book covers important historical events leading up to the uprising and details what followed after the self-immolation of a young Tunisian man on December 17, 2010 sparked the first protests of the uprising. What follows is summary of The Arab Uprisings, followed by an analysis of some of book’s key themes and arguments. The Arab Uprisings does exceptionally well in putting the events of the Arab uprisings into perspective, but ultimately fails to function as a effective guide for the new regional politics of the Middle East.…
References: ABUKHALIL, A. 2012. U.S. Intervention in the “Arab Spring”[online]. [Accessed 16th November 2012]. Available from: http://www.e-ir.info/2012/08/28/us-intervention-in-the-arab-spring/…
Two generations of the organization leaders have been almost completely eliminated and the third is currently in difficulty. The leaders of “al Qaeda central” in Afghanistan and Pakistan are also increasingly on the defensive and unable to offer serious guidance and support. In fact, al Qaeda perspective and vision of its caliphate dim and become obscure. Thus, since the revolution of Arab spring in 2011 and the death of their leader (Usama Bin Laden), two commons terms have appeared: First, the events in Egypt and Tunisia have shown that young protestors can bring about change without resorting to armed violence, which significantly undermines al-Qaeda's rhetoric of violence. Secondly, the main requirement of the protestor (a democratic change), as well as the essentially secular nature of the uprisings, leaves al-Qaeda in…
The term of the “Arab Spring” can be described as a revolutionary wave that hit most of the Arab nations through protests and demonstrations. The commencement of the wave happened back in December 17, 2010 when Tunisia overthrew their government after Mohamed Bouazizi burned himself in front of government buildings in protest against living his poor state of life in the country. Tunisians were fed with their President Ben Ali who had governed the country for the past 23 years filled with corruption, unemployment, poverty and lack of freedom. The wave of the Arab Spring overthrew the Tunisian president and proceeded on to Egypt where the president Hosni Mubarak awaited…
The article “The Arab Spring. Has it Failed?” as seen in The Economist is about how despite the fact that after two and a half years of revolution and violence in the middle east we have seen very little positive changes, we shouldn’t give up hope as the Arab Spring revolution of brining positive change to this area of the world hasn’t exactly failed just yet. Because some of the countries with the highest hopes are struggling (Tunisia, Libya and Yemen), the failure of democracy in Egypt, and the bloodiness that has been a byproduct of Syria’s civil war, people believe that the Arab Spring has either already failed, or is doomed to do so. The article mentions that back in 1960, Egypt and South Korea shared similar life expectancy and GDP per head. Today, Egyptians face much more poverty and malnutrition, mainly thanks to an incompetent government. The reason this point is important is because it’s suggested that in order for the Arab Spring to have a positive effect here, it may be necessary for the government to take the form of a political system of totalitarianism. Unlike South-East Asia though where a ruler takes a nurturing-sense to democracy and tries to do what ever they can to implement a strong democracy and help the economy flourish, the Arab rulers do what they can to ensure that their personal benefactors and despots are the ones that benefit and evade the troubles of economic reform. It’s even worse in places like Syria where the ruler has no reservations about shedding blood in order to ensure that they stay in charge.…
The Pakistan Army is at war with its own people in Balochistan and FATA. The fragmented Pakistan with internal weakness and external threats is unable to refuse the Americans Orders, to get its legitimate right of Kashmir, to secure its borders with Afghanistan. Foreign investors, especially the overseas Pakistanis are examining the fear factors in opening new ventures due to corrupt financial institutions and violent groups. Consequently the vicious circle of poverty expands aggravating the already inflamed situation. The secret agencies of enemy countries find local terrorists to disrupt the system. Under the thick air of jealousy, non construction of Big dams is pushing the country into dark ages. A common citizen, suffers worst type of corruption and thus is uninterested in paying taxes. Social values, crime rate, and national patriotism, religious satisfaction are fast disappearing with growing poverty. Disengage of a citizen in election process is a clear indication of general masses’ hatred against the political, religious and military leadership. Individuals are becoming self oriented, preferring their self interest to the national…
In 2011 a wave of anti-government demonstrations and protests hit the countries in the Middle East. The western media called these protests the Arab Spring. The term ‘spring’ refers to protests that arise from one country, with other countries holding similar protests in an almost same span of time. The main reason behind the Arab Spring was the growing resentment and hatred towards the mostly dictatorial regimes. The cost of living was soaring high, there was massive police brutality, pinching unemployment, corruption and lack of democracy. The strong protesters were also interested in forcing out the brutal governments and replacing them with outfits that were tolerant and inclusive. They also protested lack of robust economic…
There has been a lot of political unrest in the past few weeks. Algeria in 1992 and now Tunisia, followed by Egypt and now countries in the Middle East are feeling the effect. Yemen and Bahrain are also experiencing political demonstrations. The protests now include Libya another North African country. All of these countries previously stated above, have many things in common, this is why they are often grouped together. Islam is the dominant religion, Arabic is widely spoken, and there are a lot of Arab descendents apart from Berbers, Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, and Maghreb etc.…
The Arab Spring is acknowledged by other countries around the world as an enlightenment of the Arab world. The movement could also be seen as a rise in arms for the fight of freedom for a region that desperately needs it. Arabs in the region rose in protest to bring to light the injustice being done in their countries, but this social unrest has been around for longer than what has been televised. Problems in their society had been going on for as long as its existence. The Arabs social order was centered on a caste system. With this system, each citizen was bound to a certain class with no hope of social mobility. It was because of this that nearly everyone in the region believed that it was the time that they sought to gain control of the situation. The source of the Arabs disappointments are those in lack of jobs, rising food prices, corrupt government, and lack of political freedom. Amongst all of these problems, the main cause…
The revolution in the Arab world unfolded exquisitely but with dramatic repercussions. High unemployment rates, the oppression of political freedoms, and the overwhelming presence of corruption led to a rise in unrest amongst many in the Arab world -- which set off a domino effect amongst states in a fight for democracy at home. It all began in Tunisia in December 2010, and quickly escalated into a campaign for change that would reach across the region, and move the world. By the time the conflict reached a boiling point -- governments in Egypt, Libya and Yemen would also be ousted in an uprising that would make history. What couldn’t be predicted however, were the various means to which the conflict would culminate for the dictators themselves.…
The term “Arab spring” is a connotation used by both Khalidi and Rozenman in their articles in reference to the Arabs’ protests for democracy overtime. The articles are a response to the mass action taken by various Arabs worldwide after the throw of despondent rulers such as Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak, Yemen’s Ali Abdullah Saleh and Libya’s Muammar Ghadafi. The two articles attempt to delve deep into the consequences of such historical actions, drawing precedence from nations such as Turkey and Lebanon. Khalidi and Rozenman are both keen on the influence of a new democracy in the Arab nations and the impact that such “fresh rule” would have on the society; especially the Arab and Western worlds.…
The Arab spring is taken place parts of North Africa and in the Middle East. It is the result of many people who are tired of being ruled by under a dictatorship. The uprising has affects on other countries. Such as, Libya, Egypt, and Syria, who have faced dilemmas. Many of their people have been arrested, severely injured, and even killed. Arab spring is a good cause because people are standing up for what they believe in and it has effects on the United States, due to oil companies that are in the Middle East and other parts of North Africa.…
1) INTRODUTION Pervez Musharraf is a retired four-star general and a politics who was brought to power through a military coup d’états in 1999. He served as the 10thPresident of Pakistan from 2001 until 2008.He was the 13th Chief of Army staff from October 1998 till November 2007, and was also the 10th Chairman of the Joints chief of staff committee. Pakistan Armed Forces from 1998 until 2001. Commissioned from the Pakistan Army in 1964, Musharraf rose to national prominence after being appointed a four-star general in October 1998 by then-Prime minister Nawaz Sharif. Musharraf was the mastermind and strategic field commander behind the Kirgiz infiltration. Musharraf played a vital role in the Afghan civil war, both assisting the peace negotiations and attempting to end the bloodshed in the country. After months of contentious relations with Prime Minister Sharif, Musharraf was brought to power through a military coup d’états in 1999, subsequently placing the Prime minister under a strict house-arrested before moving him to Adiala Jail in Punjab Province.…
The United States government has made hundreds of attacks on targets in northwest Pakistan since 2004 using drones (unmanned aerial vehicles) controlled by the American Central Intelligence Agency 's Special Activities Division.[4] Most of these attacks are on targets in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas along the Afghan border in Northwest Pakistan.…
There are various reasons behind the Arab Spring. One of the reasons was that a Tunisian young man, unable to find a job, had his cart of merchandise taken away by the, which led him to burn himself in the streets, next to thousands of people. Unemployment is one of the main reasons which lead to the revolt. After that, manifestations were going on in the cities of Tunisia. The poverty and unemployment that was going on in Tunisia lead to a massive displeasure against the government. The president escaped. This revolution, later on, was called, The Jasmine’s Revolution. This revolution moved on to Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Yemen.…