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Basic Programming Concepts
4.1. Introduction to Developing a User Interface
Introduction
To work with a system, the users have to be able to control and assess the state of the system. For example, when driving a vehicle, the driver of the vehicle uses the steering to control the direction, and the accelerator pedal, brake pedal and gears to control the speed of the vehicle. The driver understands the position of the vehicle by looking through the windshield and the exact speed of the vehicle by checking the speedometer. The driver 's interface of the automobile is on the whole composed of the instruments that the driver can use to accomplish the tasks of driving and maintaining the automobile. Interactive entities must constantly be designed to support the way in which humans interact with the world and information.
In information technology, the user interface is everything designed into an information device with which a human being may interact -- including the monitor, keyboard, mouse, the appearance of a desktop, characters in text, help messages, and how an application or a Web site invites interaction and responds to it. In the previous generations of computers, there was very little user interface except for a few buttons at an operator 's console. The user interface was mainly in the form of punched card input and report output.
Later, a user was provided with the ability to interact with a computer online and the user interface was a nearly blank display screen with a command line, a keyboard, and a limited set of commands and computer responses that were exchanged. This command line led to a new form of interface in which menus (list of choices written in text) predominated. Eventually, the graphical user interface (GUI) arrived, originating predominantly in Xerox 's Palo Alto Research Center, adopted and enhanced by Apple Computers, and finally standardized effectively by Microsoft in its Windows operating systems.
The user interface can,



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